高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙的输移特征

赵艳霞; 马伟强; 韩海东; 庄帅; 史红岩; 丁越岿; 于瑞宏; 吕喜玺

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.014

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高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙的输移特征

试验研究

- 高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙的输移特征
- Suspended Sediment Transport Characteristics of Glacial Rivers in Alpine Mountainous Areas
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第3期页码：94-102
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 内蒙古自治区河流与湖泊生态重点实验室,内蒙古,呼和浩特,010021
  2. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,西藏,拉萨,100085
  3. 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃,兰州,730000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  重大研究计划“黄河源区河流泥沙和碳输移过程及梯级水库的影响研究”（91547110）;国家自然科学基金项目“水文条件—营养盐负荷交互作用下干旱区浅水湖泊稳态转换驱动机制与调控”（51869014）;内蒙古自治区科技计划项目（2019GG019）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.014
  中图分类号： TV14
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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赵艳霞, 马伟强, 韩海东, 等. 高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙的输移特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(3):94-102.

Zhao Yanxia, Ma Weiqiang, Han Haidong, et al. Suspended Sediment Transport Characteristics of Glacial Rivers in Alpine Mountainous Areas[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 94-102.
赵艳霞, 马伟强, 韩海东, 等. 高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙的输移特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(3):94-102. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.014.

Zhao Yanxia, Ma Weiqiang, Han Haidong, et al. Suspended Sediment Transport Characteristics of Glacial Rivers in Alpine Mountainous Areas[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 94-102. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.014.

摘要

[目的

]

分析不同区域冰川河流的水沙关系、输沙量及其对气候变化的响应，并对泥沙侵蚀强度进行评估，为高寒山区冰川河流的水沙动态研究提供理论基础。[方法

]

选取绒布河和科其喀尔河作为研究对象，在消融期间（2018年5—10月）对冰川河进行野外观测和水样采集。考虑气温和降水的影响，采用水文模型法对绒布河径流量进行模拟，结合水沙关系曲线、泥沙滞后环及回归模型对冰川河流的悬移泥沙输移及其影响因素进行分析。[结果

]

气温是影响高寒山区冰川河流悬移泥沙运输的主要因素；绒布河和科其喀尔河消融期的径流模数约7.36×10

，6.82×10

/（km

·a），输沙模数分别为200 t/（km

·a）和890 t/（km

·a）。[结论

]

绒布冰川对气候变化更加敏感，消融强度大，泥沙主要来源于融水与降水对河道底部与坡面的侵蚀，但是可侵蚀沉积物和水力条件不足，造成该地区输沙模数低于其他冰川；科其喀尔河地处西北干旱区，泥沙输移量主要是由泥沙来源决定的，随着气温的升高，大量冰碛物被输送到下游，侵蚀强度明显高于其他大多数冰川。

Abstract

[Objective] The water-sediment relationship and sediment transport in different glacial rivers and their responses to climate change were analyzed

and the sediment erosion intensity was assessed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of water and sediment dynamics of glacial rivers in alpine mountainous areas. [Methods] The Rongbu River and the Keqikar River were selected as the research objects. During the ablation period (from May to October in 2018)

field observation and water sample collection of the glacier rivers were conducted. The hydrological model method was used to simulate the runoff of the Rongbu River

considering the effects of temperature and precipitation

combined with the suspended sediment rating curve

the sediment hysteresis loop

and regression model to analyze the suspended sediment transport and influencing factors of the glacial rivers. [Results] Temperature was the main factor affecting the transport of suspended sediment in glacial rivers in an alpine mountainous area. The runoff modulus values during the ablation period of the Rongbu River and the Keqikar River were about 7.36×105

6.82×105 m3/(km2·a)

respectively. The suspended sediment transport modulus was about 200 and 890 t/(km2·a). [Conclusion] The Rongbu Glacier is highly sensitive to climate change and has a strong ablation ability. Sediment mainly comes from the erosion of the bottom and slope of the river channel by melt water and rainfall. However

due to insufficient erodible sediment and hydraulic conditions

the sediment transport modulus of this area is lower than others. The Keqikar River is located in the arid area of Northwestern China

and sediment discharge is mainly determined by the source of sediment. As the temperature rises

a large amount of moraine material is transported downstream

and sediment erosion intensity is significantly higher than observed from most other glaciers.

关键词

Keywords

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