滇中高原不同林龄华山松林冠层对天然降雨雨滴能量特征的影响

涂晓云; 王克勤; 赵洋毅; 王嘉维; 段旭; 朱梦雪

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

滇中高原不同林龄华山松林冠层对天然降雨雨滴能量特征的影响

试验研究

- 滇中高原不同林龄华山松林冠层对天然降雨雨滴能量特征的影响
- Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第3期页码：40-49
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南,昆明,650224
  2. 国家林业和草原局云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南,昆明,650224
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“干热河谷冲沟系统土壤优先流及对沟蚀发育的影响机理研究”（42067005）;云南省基础研究计划项目（202001AT070136）;云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项（YNWR-QNBJ-2019-215;YNWR-QNBJ-2019-226）;国家林草局林业科技创新平台运行项目（2020132078）;云南玉溪森林生态系统国家长期科研基地（2020132550）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006
  中图分类号： S715.2
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
涂晓云, 王克勤, 赵洋毅, 等. 滇中高原不同林龄华山松林冠层对天然降雨雨滴能量特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(3):40-49.

Tu Xiaoyun, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 40-49.
涂晓云, 王克勤, 赵洋毅, 等. 滇中高原不同林龄华山松林冠层对天然降雨雨滴能量特征的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(3):40-49. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006.

Tu Xiaoyun, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 40-49. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006.

摘要

[目的] 探究滇中磨盘山不同林龄华山松人工林对天然降雨动力学特征的影响，为区域水土资源保护、森林结构调整等提供一定的理论参考。[方法] 基于2019年5至10月在云南省玉溪市新平县磨盘山观测的74场降雨资料，采用滤纸色斑法对华山松人工林（中龄林15 a，成熟林40 a，过熟林60 a）的林内外的降雨雨滴同时进行观测。选取其中具有代表性的11场降雨，针对不同降雨条件分析了3种林龄林分对雨滴能量特征的影响。[结果] ①华山松林林冠层对雨滴有汇集与分散作用，中龄林对雨滴分散作用更强，成熟林次之，过熟林则表现为较强的汇集作用。②林内外雨滴终点速度与雨滴直径均具极显著的正相关关系（p<0.01），林内雨滴终点速度排序为：中龄林 > 成熟林 > 过熟林。③雨滴直径及降雨强度的增加均可增强林内外的降雨能量，且雨滴能量与二者均呈现极显著的正相关关系（p<0.01）。不同降雨条件下，降雨动能与雨滴径阶均可拟合为幂函数，林内雨滴能量排序为：中龄林 < 成熟林 < 过熟林。其中，中龄林对雨滴能量的削弱作用更为明显。④中龄林对雨滴的缓冲势能效果最好（66.67%），占降雨总势能的52%，成熟林次之（31.58%），过熟林最弱仅为20.64%。[结论] 随树木年龄的增长林冠减缓雨滴能量的效果减弱。因此，对于成熟林以上的华山松人工林林分，应及时进行林分采伐与更新，且注重保护林下枯落物，以减轻由林下雨滴造成的水土流失。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of Pinus armandii plantation canopy of different age on the dynamic characteristics of natural rainfall at Mount Mopan

Central Yunnan Province were explored in order to provide certain theoretical references for regional water and soil resource protection and forest structure adjustment. [Methods] 74 natural rainfall observations were obtained for Mount Mopan in Xinping County

Yuxi City

Yunnan Province from May to October 2019. These data included simultaneously observed rainfall and raindrops inside and outside of a middle-aged forest (15-year-old)

a mature forest (40-year-old)

and an over-mature forest (60-year-old) of a P. armandii plantation using the filter paper splash procedure. 11 representative rainfall events from among the data were selected

and the three forest stands for different rainfall conditions that impact the energy characteristics of raindrops were analyzed. [Results] ① The P. armandii forest had the effect of collecting and dispersing raindrops

and the middle-aged forest had the strongest effect on raindrop dispersion

followed by mature forest. The over-mature forest had the strongest collecting effect. ② The terminal speed of raindrops inside and outside the forest had a very significant positive correlation with the diameter of raindrops (p<0.01). The terminal speed of raindrops in the forest followed the order of middle-aged forest > mature forest > over-mature forest. ③ Increased raindrop diameter and rainfall intensity enhanced rainfall energy inside and outside the forest

and raindrop energy had a very significant positive correlation with both (p<0.01). Under different rainfall conditions

the rainfall kinetic energy and raindrop diameter can be fitted to a power function relationship. Raindrop energy in the forest followed the order of middle-aged forest < mature forest < over-mature forest. The weakening effect of middle-aged forest on raindrop energy was more obvious. ④ The buffering potential energy of middle-aged forest on raindrops was the best at 66.67%

accounting for 52% of the total rainfall potential

followed by mature forests at 31.58%

and over-mature forests at only 20.64%. [Conclusion] The influence of a forest canopy in reducing raindrop energy weakens as trees age. Therefore

for P. armandii plantations older than mature forests

timely harvesting and regeneration of forests should be carried out

and more attention should be given to the protection of understory litter to reduce soil erosion caused by raindrops under the forest canopy.

关键词

Keywords

references

汪倩,林金石,黄彦,等.利用纳米磁性材料表征地表溅蚀特征的初探[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1303-1312.

相莹敏,张洪江,程金花,等.华北土石山区土壤溅蚀影响因素分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):120-126.

唐泽军,雷廷武, 张晴雯,等.雨滴溅蚀和结皮效应对土壤侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):632-635.

贺秀斌,文安邦,张信宝,等.农业生态环境评价的土壤侵蚀退耦指标体系[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):852-856.

陈杰,檀满枝,陈晶中,等.严重威胁可持续发展的土壤退化问题[J].地球科学进展, 2002,17(5):720-720.

Geiβler C, Nadrowski K, Kühn P, et al. Kinetic energy of throughfall in subtropical forests of SE China-effects of tree canopy structure, functional traits, and biodiversity[J]. PLoS One, 2013,8(2), e49618.

Geiβler C, Lang A C, Oheimb G V, et al. Impact of tree saplings on the kinetic energy of rainfall:The importance of stand density, species identity and tree architecture in subtropical forests in China[J]. Agricultural Forest Meteorology. 2012,156(12):31-40.

殷晖,关文彬,薛肖肖,等.贡嘎山暗针叶林林冠对降雨能量再分配的影响研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010, 32(2):1-5.

谢春华.长江上游暗针叶林生态系统结构及其对降雨的再分配功能[D].北京:北京林业大学,2002.

Eunice M A, Maria J G, Helba A Q P, et al. Ecohydrology in a Brazilian tropical dry forest:Thinned vegetation impact on hydrological functions and ecosystem service[J]. Journal of Hydrology:Regional Studies, 2020, 27(10), 100649.

Bonnesoeur V, Locatelli B, Guariguata M R, et al. Impacts of forests and forestation on hydrological services in the Andes:A systematic review[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2019,433(11):569-584.

韩春,陈宁,孙杉,等.森林生态系统水文调节功能及机制研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(7):2191-2199.

Brandt J. The transformation of rainfall energy by a tropical rain forest canopy in relation to soil erosion[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 1988, 15(1):41.

余新晓.森林植被减弱降雨侵蚀能量的数理分析(续)[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(3):90-96.

周跃,李宏伟,徐强.云南松林的林冠对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].山地学报,1999,17(4):324-328.

吴光艳.陕西杨凌人工林内外天然降雨雨滴特性[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2012.

曹光秀, 赵洋毅,段旭,等.滇中高原常绿阔叶林对天然降雨雨滴动能的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2018,32(3):146-151,159.

李振新,欧阳志云,等.卧龙地区针叶林及亚高山灌丛对降雨的雨滴谱及能量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2004,18(4):125-133.

孙庆艳,余新晓,杨新兵,等.密云水库集水区防护林不同树种林冠截留研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009,7(3):76-81.

黄团冲,贺康宁,王先棒.青海大通白桦林冠层降雨再分配与冠层结构关系研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(3):1-6.

曹光秀,王克勤,赵洋毅,等.中亚热带地区常绿阔叶林地表径流和产沙影响机制[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(4):30-36.

秦富仓,余新晓,张满良,等.植被对小流域汇流及侵蚀产沙影响研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(5):165-168.

展小云,郭明航,赵军,等.基于粒子成像瞬态测量技术的雨滴微物理特性及降雨动能研究[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(2):107-113.

Song Zhengshan, Steffen S, Zhu Panpan, et al. Spatial distribution of LAI and its relationship with through-fall kinetic energy of common tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest plantation[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018,425(5):189-195.

王恒松,张芳美.黔西北乡土植物篱对典型石漠化区石灰土侵蚀动力学过程的调控[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(4):16-23,80.

赵赫,文志,刘艳秋,等.典型热带森林生态系统林冠穿透雨特征及影响因素[J].生态科学,2020,39(4):74-80.

侯沛轩,孙佳美,余新晓,等.模拟降雨条件下植被调控坡面水沙输出过程研究[J].土壤,2016,48(4):819-823.

国家林业局调查规划设计院. GB/T26424-2010森林资源规划调查技术规程中国标准书号[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.

国家林业局调查规划设计院,黑龙江省林业监测规划院.LY/T 2908-2017主要树种与龄组划分[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2017.

张泽铭,张翠翠,侯红运,等.《降水量等级》(GB/T 28592-2012)应用实例[J].现代农业科技,2016(19):223-226.

李桂静,周金星,崔明,等.南方红壤区马尾松林冠对降雨雨滴特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015, 37(12):85-91.

史宇,余新晓,张建辉,等.北京山区侧柏林冠层对降雨动力学特征的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7898-7907.

Geizler C, Kühna P, Bohnke M, et al. Splash erosion potential under tree canopies in subtropical SE China[J]. Catena, 2012,91(10):85-93.

康文星,邓湘雯,赵仲辉.林冠截留在杉木林生态系统能量转换过程中的作用[J].林业科学,2007,43(2):15-20.

吴光艳, 成婧, 等. 黄土高原南部人工林林冠对降雨特征的影响分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2011, 18(4):32-35,42.

浏览量

894

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

人工模拟降雨装置的设计及其参数率定

兰州-西宁城市群城市化与生态系统服务价值耦合协调关系

中国典型河口三角洲生态系统服务价值的时空异质性

黄河流域三大城市群城市土地绿色利用效率的空间关联网络与影响因素

海河流域气候-土地利用-生态治理对水生态系统服务的影响