降雨和植被因子对延河流域土壤侵蚀影响的定量评估

刘悦; 刚成诚; 温仲明; 陈同德

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.005

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降雨和植被因子对延河流域土壤侵蚀影响的定量评估

试验研究

- 降雨和植被因子对延河流域土壤侵蚀影响的定量评估
- Quantifying Relative Contributions of Rainfall and Vegetation on Soil Erosion in Yanhe River Watershed
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第2期页码：35-42
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“黄土高原水土流失治理与生态产业协同发展技术集成与模式”（2016YFC0501707）;国家自然科学基金项目“基于植被—土壤—微生物的退化草地恢复监测及驱动机制分析”（31602004）;中国科学院“西部之光”项目“黄土高原退化草地恢复监测及其驱动机理研究”（XAB2016B05）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.005
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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刘悦, 刚成诚, 温仲明, 等. 降雨和植被因子对延河流域土壤侵蚀影响的定量评估[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):35-42.

Liu Yue, Gang Chengcheng, Wen Zhongming, et al. Quantifying Relative Contributions of Rainfall and Vegetation on Soil Erosion in Yanhe River Watershed[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 35-42.
刘悦, 刚成诚, 温仲明, 等. 降雨和植被因子对延河流域土壤侵蚀影响的定量评估[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):35-42. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.005.

Liu Yue, Gang Chengcheng, Wen Zhongming, et al. Quantifying Relative Contributions of Rainfall and Vegetation on Soil Erosion in Yanhe River Watershed[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 35-42. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.005.

摘要

[目的] 进一步明确降雨和植被因子在土壤侵蚀过程中的作用，为水土保持措施的制定和生态工程的成效评价提供科学依据。[方法] 基于气候数据、Landsat遥感影像和DEM数据，通过设置“自然状态”、“降雨因子（降雨侵蚀力R）固定—植被因子（植被覆盖管理因子C）变化”和“C固定-R变化”3种情景，利用修正通用土壤侵蚀方程（RUSLE）分析2000—2018年延河流域土壤侵蚀强度时空动态，并定量评估降雨和植被因子对土壤侵蚀的相对贡献。[结果] ①在自然状态和R固定-C变化的情况下，2000—2018年延河流域土壤侵蚀模数均呈现下降的趋势，而在C固定-R变化的情况下，土壤侵蚀模数呈现上升的趋势；②2000—2018年，在自然状态和R固定-C变化的情景中，延河流域强烈、极强烈和剧烈土壤侵蚀的面积均呈现下降的趋势，主要分布在延河的中、下游地区；③在2000—2018年，植被因子有效地抑制了土壤侵蚀强度的增加，其正向贡献率为77.20%，而降雨因子则对控制土壤侵蚀起负作用，贡献率为22.80%。[结论] 植被因子是延河流域土壤侵蚀量下降的主导和控制因子，上游地区土壤侵蚀强度仍较高，未来应加强水土保持措施，合理配置植被资源。

Abstract

[Objective] The roles of rainfall and vegetation factors on controlling soil erosion were studied in order to provide guidance for policy-making of soil and water conservation strategy in the future and efficiency assessment of ecological projects.[Methods] The impacts of rainfall and vegetation on soil erosion were quantitatively evaluated with a case study in Yanhe River watershed by using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). The soil erosion was calculated under three scenarios

namely the natural state

the rainfall factor (rainfall erosivity

R) fixed-vegetation factor (vegetation coverage and management factor

C) change and C fixed-R change.[Results] ① Under the natural state and R fixed-C change scenarios

the soil erosion showed a decreasing trend in Yanhe River watershed

but an increasing trend under the C fixed-R change scenario from 2000 to 2018. ② Under the natural state and R fixed-C change scenario

most regions experienced decreased soil erosion from 2000 to 2018. The area with strong erosion

intensive erosion and severe erosion all showed decreasing trend

especially in the upper and middle reaches. ③ Vegetation played a positive role in controlling the soil erosion with a contribution of 77.20% from 2000 to 2018. In contrast

the rainfall promoted the increase of soil erosion

implying a negative contrition of 22.80% in controlling the soil erosion.[Conclusion] Vegetation is the dominate factor that controls the soil erosion. However

the soil erosion is still strong in the upper reach. Therefore

soil and water conservation measures should be enhanced

and the allocation of plant resources should be rationalized in the future.

关键词

Keywords

references

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