冰滑坡涌浪下冰碛坝溃决机理试验研究

李慧斌; 陈华勇; Robin Neupane; 阮合春; 李霄

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

冰滑坡涌浪下冰碛坝溃决机理试验研究

试验研究

- 冰滑坡涌浪下冰碛坝溃决机理试验研究
- Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第2期页码：25-34
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室/中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川,成都,610041
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100000
  3. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京,100101
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目（QYZDY-SSW-DQC006）;国家自然科学基金项目（4173128,1771045）;中科院创新促进会（2017425）;中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004
  中图分类号： P642.23
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李慧斌, 陈华勇, Robin Neupane, 等. 冰滑坡涌浪下冰碛坝溃决机理试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):25-34.

Li Huibin, Chen Huayong, Robin Neupane, et al. Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 25-34.
李慧斌, 陈华勇, Robin Neupane, 等. 冰滑坡涌浪下冰碛坝溃决机理试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):25-34. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004.

Li Huibin, Chen Huayong, Robin Neupane, et al. Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 25-34. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004.

摘要

[目的] 对冰滑坡涌浪导致的冰碛坝溃决过程与溃决机理进行试验研究，为冰川区重大工程建设和冰湖冰碛坝溃决灾害防治提供科技支撑。[方法] 开展不同滑块体积、滑动角度、滑动距离、坝体物质组成和坝体几何形态的水槽模型试验。基于试验现象、试验数据与理论推导，对涌浪过程、坝体物质起动和坝体溃决临界条件进行分析。[结果] ①冰滑坡涌浪随时间和距离不断衰减，其随时间衰减显著。②将涌浪作用下的溃决过程分为坡面侵蚀、陡坎侵蚀、侧向侵蚀和衰退4个阶段，其中侧向侵蚀阶段的溃决流量最大，流速最快，侵蚀能力最强。③从颗粒起动机理的角度给出了颗粒起动流速，与沙莫夫公式进行对比分析，对比结果较为吻合。④基于能量守恒原理得到了冰湖溃决事件发生的临界条件，通过西藏自治区林芝市波密县米堆沟光谢错冰湖溃决事件进行验证，验证结果良好。[结论] 冰湖库容越大、坝前水深越深、涌浪高度越高，坝体越易发生溃决；冰碛坝堆积物中细颗粒含量越高，坝体颗粒间黏附力越强，坝体越稳定；冰碛坝坝宽及下游坡脚越大，坝体越稳定，溃决所需时间越长。

Abstract

[Objective] The process and outburst mechanism of moraine dam failure caused by glacier avalanches were studied

in order to provide scientific support for major engineering construction in glacial areas and disaster prevention of glacier lake outburst.[Methods] The model test in flume was carried out with the different volumes of blocks

sliding angle

sliding distance

composition materials and geometric morphology of the dam body. Based on the experimental phenomena

experimental data and theoretical derivation

the process of the surge

the starting mechanism of dam body materials

and the critical condition of outbursts was analyzed.[Results] ① The surge of glacier avalanches decreased with time and distance

and the attenuation was significant with time. ② The outburst process under the surge could be divided into four stages:slope surface erosion

scarp erosion

lateral erosion

and decline. The lateral erosion stage had the largest outburst discharge

the fastest velocity

and the strongest erosion capacity. ③ The starting velocity of particles was given from the perspective of the particle starting mechanism

and the results were in good agreement with that of the Shamov formula. ④ It was verified by the outburst event of Guangxiecuo ice-lake breach in Midui gully

in Bomi County

Linzhi City

Tibet Autonomous Region

and the result is reasonable.[Conclusion] The larger the ice lake storage capacity

the deeper the water depth in front of the dam

the higher the water level rise caused by a glacial landslide

and the more likely the dam body is to outburst. The higher the content of the fine particles in the accumulation of the moraine dam

the stronger the adhesion between the particles

and the more stable the dam body is. The wider the moraine dam and the lower slope foot are

the more stable the dam body is

and the longer the outburst time is.

关键词

Keywords

references

姚晓军,刘时银,韩磊,等.冰湖的界定与分类体系:面向冰湖编目和冰湖灾害研究[J].地理学报,2017,72(7):1173-1183.

党超,褚娜娜.冰碛湖溃决型泥石流演化过程试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):29-33.

崔鹏,陈容,向灵芝,等.气候变暖背景下青藏高原山地灾害及其风险分析[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(2):103-109.

刘建康,张佳佳,高波,等.我国西藏地区冰湖溃决灾害综述[J].冰川冻土,2019,41(6):1335-1347.

孙美平,刘时银,姚晓军,等.2013年西藏嘉黎县"7·5"冰湖溃决洪水成因及潜在危害[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(1):158-165.

Cook K L, Andermann C, Gimbert F, et al. Glacial lake outburst floods as drivers of fluvial erosion in the Himalaya[J]. Science,2018,362(6410).

邓明枫,陈宁生,廖世春,等.堰塞坝漫顶溃决过程及其受组成结构的影响[J].人民长江,2012,43(2):30-35.

张大伟,黄金池,何晓燕.无黏性均质土石坝漫顶溃决试验研究[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):222-228.

柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元,等.天然土石坝稳定性初步研究[J].地质科技情报,2001(1):77-81.

赵万玉,陈晓清,高全,等.不同横断面泄流槽的地震堰塞湖溃决实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2011(4):29-37.

Schmocker L, Hager W H. Modelling dike breaching due to overtopping[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2009,48(4)547-549.

Novotný J, Klimeš J. Grain size distribution of soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru:An indicator of basic mechanical properties for slope stability evaluation[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2014,11(3):563-577.

贾洋,崔鹏.西藏冰湖溃决灾害事件极端气候特征[J].气候变化研究进展,2020,16(4):395-404.

铁永波.冻融条件下冰碛补给型泥石流物源汇集过程与灾变初探[J].灾害学,2012,027(4):12-16.

吕士展,汪稔,胡明鉴,等.冰碛土工程特性研究的现状、问题及展望[C]//中国地质学会.2011年全国工程地质学术年会论文集.2011.

党超,褚娜娜,丁瑜.冰湖溃决泥石流形成的临界条件[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1176-1183.

游勇,程尊兰.西藏波密米堆沟泥石流堵河模型试验[J].山地学报,2005,23(3):288-293.

崔鹏,马东涛,陈宁生,等.冰湖溃决泥石流的形成、演化与减灾对策[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):621-628.

Chen Xiaoqing, Cui Peng, Chen Ningsheng, et al. Calculation of discharge of debris flows caused by moraine-dam failure at Midui gully, Tibet, China[J]. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology Transaction B(Engineering), 2007,31(B2):195-207.

Chen Huanyong, Xu Weilin, Deng Jun, et al. Experimental investigation of pressure load exerted on a downstream dam by dam-break flow[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2014,140(2):199-207.

Chen Huayong, Cui Peng, Chen Xiaoqing, et al. Study on the surge wave induced by glacier avalanches and its effects on dam failure process[J], International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering, 2017,10(1):9-15.

刘晶晶,程尊兰,李泳,等.西藏终碛湖溃决形式研究[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):372-380.

黄金辉,刘建康,程尊兰,等.涌浪规模对冰碛湖溃决的影响实验[J].山地学报,2014,32(2):241-248.

Hanson G J, Robinson K M, Cook K R. Prediction of headcut migration using a deterministic approach[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 2001,44(4):525-531.

孟震,杨文俊.泥沙颗粒水下休止角与内摩擦角差异化初步探索[J].泥沙研究,2012(4):76-80.

浏览量

959

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

西藏地区小流域泥石流洪峰流量计算方法与改进

不同条件下泥石流堰塞坝的溃决过程

基于生态系统服务和生态敏感性评价的云中山-系舟山生态网络构建

资源枯竭型城市转型对净生态系统生产力的影响——以江苏省徐州市为例

不同恢复措施对新疆伊犁退化草地植被特征及多样性的影响