云南省贡山县“5·25”暴雨诱发地质灾害的特征与形成机制

铁永波; 阮崇飞; 杨顺; 曾波; 张红兵; 李富强; 孙金峰; 何振强

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.002

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云南省贡山县“5·25”暴雨诱发地质灾害的特征与形成机制

试验研究

- 云南省贡山县“5·25”暴雨诱发地质灾害的特征与形成机制
- Characteristics and Mechanism of Geological Disasters Induced by “5·25” Rainstorm in Gongshan County of Yunnan Province
- 水土保持通报 2021年41卷第2期页码：10-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川,成都,610081
  2. 云南地质工程勘察设计研究院,云南,昆明,650041
  3. 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所,四川,成都,611734
  4. 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,四川,成都,610072
  5. 云南省地质环境监测院,云南,昆明,650200
  6. 甘肃地质灾害防治工程勘查设计院,甘肃,兰州,730050
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“循环冻融作用下冰碛土的碎化效应及其对泥石流启动的影响试验研究”（41772324）;中国地质调查局项目“川西山区城镇灾害地质调查”（DD20190640）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.002
  中图分类号： P694;P642
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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铁永波, 阮崇飞, 杨顺, 等. 云南省贡山县“5·25”暴雨诱发地质灾害的特征与形成机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):10-15.

Tie Yongbo, Ruan Chongfei, Yang Shun, et al. Characteristics and Mechanism of Geological Disasters Induced by “5·25” Rainstorm in Gongshan County of Yunnan Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 10-15.
铁永波, 阮崇飞, 杨顺, 等. 云南省贡山县“5·25”暴雨诱发地质灾害的特征与形成机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2021,41(2):10-15. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.002.

Tie Yongbo, Ruan Chongfei, Yang Shun, et al. Characteristics and Mechanism of Geological Disasters Induced by “5·25” Rainstorm in Gongshan County of Yunnan Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 10-15. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.002.

摘要

[目的] 查明2020年5月25日云南省贡山县“5·25”强降雨诱发地质灾害的发育分布特征、形成机制及发展趋势，为该县地质灾害防灾减灾规划提供科学依据。[方法] 基于灾后应急排查一手资料，在系统收集区域地质及降雨资料的基础上，对其灾害过程开展了深入分析与研究。[结果] 贡山县“5·25”群发性地质灾害以滑坡和泥石流为主，规模多为小型，主要沿怒江两岸公路沿线分布，滑坡多以浅表层为主，泥石流多以土力类泥石流启动模式为主，地质灾害表现出典型的高位远程及链式灾害特征，滑坡或崩塌发生后进入沟道转化为泥石流的现象极为普遍。[结论] 贡山县地质灾害调查评价中需充分考虑高位地质灾害的排查，同时科学评估地质灾害引发的链式效应及其影响区范围；由于境内植被覆盖率较高，泥石流发生后会携带大量的漂木冲出，在沟道狭窄处或沟口桥涵处易形成堵塞，对泥石流的瞬时流量会起到放大作用而翻越沟道造成灾害。泥石流防治工程设计中要充分考虑堵塞系数取值的合理性。建议对贡山县城开展大比例尺地质灾害风险调查与评价，将评价结果与国土空间规划有机融合，从源头上对地质灾害风险进行管控，同时提高县城后山已有泥石流防治工程设防等级和标准。

Abstract

[Objective] The development and distribution characteristics

formation mechanism and development trend of geological hazards induced by "5·25" heavy rainfall on May 25

2020 in Gongshan County

Yunnan Province were studied

in order to provide scientific basis for geological hazards prevention and mitigation planning in this area.[Methods] Based on the first-hand data of the post-disaster emergency survey and the systematic collection of regional geological and rainfall data

the hazard process was analyzed and studied.[Results] The concurrence geological hazards in Gongshan County were mainly small landslides and debris flows

which were mainly distributed along the road and on both sides of Nujiang River. Most of the landslides were shallow surface

and debris flows were mainly initiated by landslide. The geological hazards showed typical characteristics of high-location

long-range and chain type disasters. It was very common for landslide or collapse to enter the channel and turn into debris flow.[Conclusion] In the investigation and assessment of geological hazards in Gongshan County

it is necessary to fully consider the investigation of high-location geological hazards

and scientifically evaluate the chain effect caused by geological hazards and the scope of the affected areas; due to the high vegetation coverage in the territory

debris flow will carry a large number of driftwood to rush out

which is easy to form blockage in narrow gully or at the bridge and culvert at the mouth of the gully

which will enlarge the instantaneous volume of debris flow. It is suggested to carry out large-scale geological hazard risk investigation and evaluation in Gongshan County

and organically integrate the evaluation results with the land spatial planning

so as to control the geological hazard risk from the source

and improve the protection standard of debris flow control engineering in the back mountain of the town.

关键词

Keywords

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