等高反坡阶对玉米生长及光合特性的影响

张洋; 王克勤; 赵洋毅; 冷鹏; 闫腾云

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.06.011

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

等高反坡阶对玉米生长及光合特性的影响

水土保持试验研究

- 等高反坡阶对玉米生长及光合特性的影响
- Effects of Contour Reverse-slope Terrace on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize
- 水土保持通报 2020年40卷第6期页码：71-77
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南,昆明,650224
  2. 云南省水土保持生态环境监测总站,云南,昆明,650106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  云南省重点研发计划项目“坡耕地土壤肥力提升关键技术研究与集成”（2018BB018）;云南省教育厅研究生资助项目（2019Y0135）;云南省基础研究计划项目（202001AT070136））;云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才项目（YNWR-QNBJ-2019-215;YNWR-QNBJ-2019-226）;国家林草局林业科技创新平台运行补助项目（202013207,020132550）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.06.011
  中图分类号： S157.2
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张洋, 王克勤, 赵洋毅, 等. 等高反坡阶对玉米生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(6):71-77.

Zhang Yang, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Contour Reverse-slope Terrace on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(6): 71-77.
张洋, 王克勤, 赵洋毅, 等. 等高反坡阶对玉米生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(6):71-77. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.06.011.

Zhang Yang, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Contour Reverse-slope Terrace on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(6): 71-77. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.06.011.

摘要

[目的

]

探讨坡耕地等高反坡台阶措施对玉米生长及光合特性的影响，为云南省坡耕地作物种植提供科学依据。[方法

]

以玉米（云瑞668）为供试材料，采用田间试验，试验设置2个布设有反坡台阶的坡耕地样地（2

和3

，CR）及1个未扰动的对照样地（1

，CK），通过野外定位监测方法，测定玉米生长相关指标，净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及作物产量，研究等高反坡阶对玉米生长特征、光合特性的影响。[结果

]

等高反坡阶措施对玉米茎粗、穗位高影响不显著。反坡阶坡中地块对玉米株高促进作用最为显著，增幅为27.9%；反坡阶样地玉米叶面积指数显著高于原状坡耕地，LAI最高达5.01~5.78，灌浆期后可维持相对较高的LAI，而CK组LAI范围为3.78~4.79，且下降较快；反坡阶处理下玉米叶片净光合速率（P

）、气孔导度（G

）、叶片瞬时水分利用效率（WUE

）、作物水分利用效率（WUE）均高于坡耕地；玉米产量分别较坡耕地提高了9.6%，13.8%。[结论

]

在云南省坡耕地作物种植地区，通过布设等高反坡阶减少水土流失，提高土壤水分，增加土壤贮水量，进而使叶片维持较高的光合作用以及生理状态，为玉米干物质生产奠定了生理基础，提高了作物产量。自然降雨情况下，坡耕地坡度为15°时布设高反坡阶对玉米光合特性、WUE及产量促进作用最佳。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of contour reverse-slope steps on the water use efficiency and yield of maize crops in sloping land were explored in order to provide scientific basis for crop cultivation in sloping land in Yunnan Province.[Methods] Maize (Yunrui 668) was used as test material. Two sloping farmland plots with contour reverse-slope (2# and 3#

CR) and 1 undisturbed control plot (1#

CK) were set up in the field experiment. The maize growth index

net photosynthetic rate

transpiration rate

water use efficiency and crop yield were measured by field monitoring method to investigate the effects of contour reverse-slope order on maize growth and photosynthetic characteristics.[Results] The effect of contour reverse-slope measure on the ear height of maize and stem diameter was not significan

while the promotion effect on the height of maize plant was the most significant

with an increase of 27.9%. The leaf area index (LAI) of the contour reverse-slope sample plot was significantly higher than that of the undisturbed slope land

with LAI as high as 5.01~5.78. After the grouting stage

relatively high LAI could be maintained

while the LAI of the CK group was ranged from 3.78 to 4.79

which decreased rapidly. The net photosynthetic rate

stomatal conductance

WUEL (instantaneous water use efficiency) and water use efficiency of maize leaves under the contour reverse-slope was higher than that of sloping land. Maize yield increased by 9.6% and 13.8%

respectively

compared with sloping farm land.[Conclusion] In the slope cultivated land area in Yunnan Province

by increasing soil moisture and soil water storage

the contour reverse-slope measure can promote photosynthesis of leaves and physiological status

which lays a physiological foundation for dry matter production of maize and improves the crop yield. Under the condition of natural rainfall

when the slope was 15°

the contour reverse-slope measure has the best promotion effect on WUE of photosynthetic characteristics and yield promotion of maize.

关键词

Keywords

references

赵成,顾小华,姜宏雷,等.云南省坡耕地现状及水土流失综合治理探索[J].中国水土保持,2015(4):11-12.

王伟,贺莉莎.云南省坡耕地现状调查及分析[J].中国水土保持,2019(4):20-23.

陈正发,史东梅,何伟,等.云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变趋势研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):209-219.

Dong Wenlin, Zhang Lizhen, Duan Yu, et al. Ridge and furrow systems with film cover increase maize yields and mitigate climate risks of cold and drought stress in continental climates[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017,207:71-78.

Ding Risheng, Kang Shaozhong, Zhang Yanqun, et al. Partitioning evapotranspiration into soil evaporation and transpiration using a modified dual crop coefficient model in irrigated maize field with ground-mulching[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013,127:85-96.

云南省政府系统决策咨询研究课题组.云南省坡耕地高效水土保持对策研究[J].水利发展研究,2013,13(1):34-38.

唐江华,苏丽丽,李亚杰,等.不同耕作方式对复播大豆光合特性、干物质生产及经济效益的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):182-190.

刘小飞,李彪,孟兆江,等.隔沟调亏灌溉对冬小麦旗叶生理特性与产量形成的影响[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(9):320-328.

王飞,刘领,武岩岩,等.玉米花生间作改善花生铁营养提高其光合特性的机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(5):901-913.

Zhang Xudong, Muhammad K, Xue Xuchke, et al. Ridge-furrow mulching system drives the efficient utilization of key production resources and the improvement of maize productivity in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2019,190:10-21.

Li Shuxin, Yang Wenyi, Guo Junhong, et al. Changes in photosynthesis and respiratory metabolism of maize seedlings growing under low temperature stress may be regulated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020,154:1-10.

Wu Wenming, Wang Shiji, Zhang Lin, et al. Subsoiling improves the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and water use efficiency of rainfed summer maize in the Southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J].Agronomy, 2020,10(5):465-476.

José M Tarjuelo, Juan A Rodriguez-Diaz, Richardo A, et al. Efficient water and energy use in irrigation modernization:Lessons from Spanish case studies[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2015,162:67-77.

焦念元,宁堂原,杨萌珂,等.玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4324-4330.

张倩,张洪生,宋希云,等.种植方式和密度对夏玉米光合特征及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1235-1241.

于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2902-2909.

马丽,李潮海,付景,等.垄作栽培对高产田夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):156-165.

宋振伟,郭金瑞,任军,等.耕作方式对东北雨养区玉米光合与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1900-1906.

王帅兵,王克勤,宋娅丽,等.等高反坡阶对昆明市松华坝水源区坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):39-45.

闫腾云,王克勤,赵洋毅,等.等高反坡台阶整地对坡耕地农田耗水及水量平衡的影响[J].水土保持研究,2020,27(4):93-98,104.

陈雪,宋娅丽,王克勤.等高反坡阶措施对滇中红壤坡耕地土壤贮水量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(6):92-99.

陈雪,宋娅丽,王克勤,等.基于VanGenuchten模型的等高反坡阶下土壤水分特征[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(5):45-52.

陈雪,宋娅丽,王克勤,等.布设等高反坡阶对滇中松华坝水源区坡耕地土壤饱和导水率的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2019,48(5):649-655.

唐佐芯,王克勤,李秋芳,等.等高反坡阶对坡耕地产流产沙和氮磷迁移的作用研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):1-8.

郝卫平.干旱复水对玉米水分利用效率及补偿效应影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.

杨爱民,孙彦坤,孟莉,等.坡耕地垄作区田保水增产效益的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(4):8-11.

王龙昌,邹聪明,张云兰,等.西南"旱三熟"地区不同保护性耕作措施对农田土壤生态效应及生产效益的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(10):1880-1890.

王成雨,张丽琼,宋贺,等.宽行垄作增强苗期淹水夏玉米光合和抗倒性提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):129-135.

吕丽华,陶洪斌,夏来坤,等.不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性[J].作物学报,2008(3):447-455.

张文超.耕作方式对土壤主要理化性状及玉米产量形成的影响[D].黑龙江大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.

张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松促进春玉米干物质和磷素的积累与转运[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):106-112.

浏览量

979

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

保护性耕作下西南旱三熟农田土壤水分动态及产量效应

松华坝水源区等高反坡阶对坡耕地雨季土壤水分空间分布的影响

沟坡侵蚀汇水区黑土水分和养分的空间异质性

保护性耕作对黄壤坡耕地水土流失及作物产量的影响

新修梯田旱作施肥对作物产量的影响