南淝河中微塑料的分布特征及来源

汪新亮; 李珊珊; 王宁; 李玉成; 程桦

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.030

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南淝河中微塑料的分布特征及来源

试验研究

- 南淝河中微塑料的分布特征及来源
- Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics in Nanfei River
- 水土保持通报 2020年40卷第5期页码：201-208
- 作者机构：
  
  安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽,合肥,230601
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技重大专项课题项目“水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域技术综合集成应用推广”（2017ZX07603-002）;安微大学博士启动基金（12333190121）。
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.030
  中图分类号： X52
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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汪新亮, 李珊珊, 王宁, 等. 南淝河中微塑料的分布特征及来源[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(5):201-208.

Wang Xinliang, Li Shanshan, WANG Ning, et al. Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics in Nanfei River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(5): 201-208.
汪新亮, 李珊珊, 王宁, 等. 南淝河中微塑料的分布特征及来源[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(5):201-208. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.030.

Wang Xinliang, Li Shanshan, WANG Ning, et al. Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics in Nanfei River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(5): 201-208. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.030.

摘要

[目的] 研究流经城市河流中微塑料的污染情况，探索水体微塑料来源，旨在为微塑料污染防控积累基础资料，并为控制和治理提供科学依据。[方法] 于2019年3月份采集安徽省合肥市南淝河水和沉积物样，通过密度浮选、体式显微镜与傅里叶红外光谱仪等研究了微塑料的分布特征及其来源规律。[结果] 南淝河水和沉积物样品中普遍存在发泡、纤维、颗粒和碎片4类的微塑料颗粒，丰度分布规律基本一致，均集中在河流中游、人口密集段，表明河流中微塑料残留受人为影响较大。在水与沉积物中，微塑料粒径分布都表现出随着微塑料粒径增大，含量随之减少的规律；纤维类微塑料占比最大，泡沫类微塑料占比最少，表明其主要来源于人们的日常活动与污水处理厂的排放。按颜色分，彩色与透明比例大，黑色与白色占比较少。水样中碎片类高于颗粒类，沉积物中相反。傅里叶红外光谱仪分析表明，颗粒类和纤维类微塑料为聚乙烯，碎片类为聚丙烯，发泡类为聚苯乙烯。[结论] 微塑料普遍存在河流水体与沉积物中，污染状况处于一个较高水平，主要来源于人们的日常活动与污水处理厂的排放。

Abstract

[Objective] The distribution and sources of microplastic pollution in the Nanfei River as it flows through cities were studied in order to not only accumulate basic data for microplastic pollution prevention

but also provide a scientific basis for the control and treatment of microplastics.[Methods] The water and sediment samples from the Nanfei River

located in Hefei City

Anhui Province

were collected during March 2019

and the distribution and sources of microplastics in these samples were studied by density flotation

stereomicroscope identification

and Fourier infrared spectroscopy.[Results] Four types of microplastic particles (foams

fibers

particles

and fragments) were common in the water and sediment samples from the Nanfei River. The abundance distribution was basically similar for all types of microplastics

with all types more concentrated in the densely populated middle reaches of the river

indicating that microplastic pollution in the river was greatly affected by human activities. The particle size distribution of microplastics in the water and sediment samples showed that the abundance of microplastics decreased as the particle size increased. Fiber microplastics accounted for the largest proportion of microplastics observed

and foam microplastics accounted for the least

indicating that the microplastics were mainly derived from people's daily domestic activities and sewage treatment plant discharges. Regarding the color of the microplastics

the largest proportion of microplastics were colored or transparent

whereas black and white microplastics accounted for less. In contrast to sediments

the abundance of microplastic fragments was higher than that of microplastic particles in the water samples. The results of the Fourier infrared spectrometry showed that the particle and fiber microplastics were polyethylene

the fragments were polypropylene

and the foam microplastics were polystyrene.[Conclusion] Microplastics were widespread in river water and sediments at high levels

and were mainly derived from people's daily activities and discharges from sewage treatment plants.

关键词

Keywords

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