黑土坡面细沟形态及剖面特征试验研究

车晓翠; 赵文婷; 沈海鸥; 牟廷森

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.009

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黑土坡面细沟形态及剖面特征试验研究

试验研究

- 黑土坡面细沟形态及剖面特征试验研究
- Experimental Study of Rill Morphology and Its Profile Characteristics at Chinese Mollisol Hillslope
- 水土保持通报 2020年40卷第5期页码：55-59
- 作者机构：
  
  吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林,长春,130118
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“黑土侵蚀防治机理与调控技术”（2016YFE0202900）;国家自然科学基金项目“黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟发育及其形态特征研究”（41601281）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.009
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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车晓翠, 赵文婷, 沈海鸥, 等. 黑土坡面细沟形态及剖面特征试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(5):55-59.

Che Xiaocui, Zhao Wenting, Shen Haiou, et al. Experimental Study of Rill Morphology and Its Profile Characteristics at Chinese Mollisol Hillslope[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(5): 55-59.
车晓翠, 赵文婷, 沈海鸥, 等. 黑土坡面细沟形态及剖面特征试验研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(5):55-59. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.009.

Che Xiaocui, Zhao Wenting, Shen Haiou, et al. Experimental Study of Rill Morphology and Its Profile Characteristics at Chinese Mollisol Hillslope[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(5): 55-59. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.05.009.

摘要

[目的

]

对比分析不同坡度条件下黑土坡面细沟宽度、深度、宽深比、细沟剖面形态及沟壁坡度特征，为东北黑土区坡耕地细沟侵蚀防治提供科学参考。[方法

]

在野外径流小区不同坡度（5°和10°）下开展汇流冲刷试验〔1 L/（min·m

），历时60 min〕。[结果

]

①试验条件下，黑土坡面细沟剖面形态主要为“U”型，细沟平均宽深比介于2.3~4.9之间；②随着坡度的增大，细沟下切侵蚀作用增强幅度明显超过细沟沟壁崩塌侵蚀作用，导致细沟宽深比减小，细沟剖面形态由“宽浅型”向“窄深型”转化；③对于坡面不同位置，细沟平均宽深比在坡上，坡中，坡下位置分别为2.7，1.6，5.4，即自坡面上部到下部依次表现为“宽浅型”—“窄深型”—“宽浅型”的细沟剖面变化特征；④黑土坡面细沟沟壁坡度主要为37.7°~85.2°，其值随着地面坡度的增加而增大，且不同坡位之间细沟沟壁坡度表现为坡中位置大于坡上和坡下位置。[结论

]

防治东北黑土区陡坡耕地中段位置的细沟发育尤为重要，对缓解该区水土流失问题有重要作用。

Abstract

[Objective] The characteristics of the widths

depths

width-depth ratios

profiles

and wall gradients of rills on a mollisol hillslope were analyzed to provide a scientific reference for controlling rill erosion on slope croplands in the Chinese mollisol region.[Methods] Inflow scour experiments with a 1 L/(min·m2) inflow rate were conducted over 60 min under different typical slope gradients (5° and 10°) in natural runoff plots.[Results] ① The rill profiles of the mollisol hill slope were mainly “U” shaped and the mean rill width-depth ratios ranged from 2.3 to 4.9. ② As the slope gradient increased

the undercut erosion of the rills exceeded that of the collapse erosion of the side-walls

which induced a decrease in the rill width-depth ratio and a variation in the rill profiles from a “wide and shallow type” to a “deep and narrow type”. ③ The mean rill width-depth ratios of the upper

middle

and lower hillslope positions were 2.7

1.6

and 5.4

respectively. This reveals that the rill profile characteristics transformed from the “wide and shallow type” to the “deep and narrow type”

and then to the “wide and shallow type” from the upper hillslope to the lower hillslope. ④ The rill wall gradients of the mollisol hillslope mainly ranged from 37.7° to 85.2°

and increased with an increase in the slope gradient. The rill wall gradients of the middle hillslope were greater than those of the upper and lower hillslopes.[Conclusion] It is much more important to control rill development in the middle parts of relatively steep hillslopes than other parts; this is beneficial for alleviating rill erosion in the mollisol region of China.

关键词

Keywords

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