塔里木盆地西北缘区密植核桃的滴灌水肥适宜用量

付秋萍; 赵经华; 马亮; 马英杰

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.03.037

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塔里木盆地西北缘区密植核桃的滴灌水肥适宜用量

试验研究

- 塔里木盆地西北缘区密植核桃的滴灌水肥适宜用量
- Suitable Amounts of Water and Fertilizer for Dense Planting of Walnut Trees Under Drip Irrigation in Northwest Margin of Tarim Basin
- 水土保持通报 2020年40卷第3期页码：253-259
- 作者机构：
  
  新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“新疆绿洲灌区核桃滴灌水氮耦合及高效利用研究”（2015211B009）;新疆农业大学博士后流动站资助。
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.03.037
  中图分类号： S365;S275.6;S664.1
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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付秋萍, 赵经华, 马亮, 等. 塔里木盆地西北缘区密植核桃的滴灌水肥适宜用量[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(3):253-259.

Fu Qiuping, Zhao Jinghua, Ma Liang, et al. Suitable Amounts of Water and Fertilizer for Dense Planting of Walnut Trees Under Drip Irrigation in Northwest Margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(3): 253-259.
付秋萍, 赵经华, 马亮, 等. 塔里木盆地西北缘区密植核桃的滴灌水肥适宜用量[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020,40(3):253-259. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.03.037.

Fu Qiuping, Zhao Jinghua, Ma Liang, et al. Suitable Amounts of Water and Fertilizer for Dense Planting of Walnut Trees Under Drip Irrigation in Northwest Margin of Tarim Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2020, 40(3): 253-259. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.03.037.

摘要

[目的

]

确定核桃主产区塔里木盆地西北缘区滴灌条件下核桃水肥适宜用量，实现核桃园水肥高效利用，为当地密植核桃滴灌水肥投入量提供指导。[方法

]

以9 a生密植新温“185”核桃树为研究对象，设置3个灌水量（W

：375 mm；W

：435 mm；W

：495 mm）和3个施肥量（F

：2 250 kg/hm

；F

：4 500 kg/hm

；F

：9 000 kg/hm

。其中尿素：磷酸一铵1：1.25），在新疆阿克苏红旗坡农场新疆农业大学林果实验基地开展滴灌核桃大田试验，研究滴灌条件下水肥耦合对核桃产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，建立了水肥投入量与产量及灌溉水利用效率的二元回归模型。[结果

]

灌水和施肥对核桃硬核期、油脂转化期和成熟期土壤硝态氮、核桃产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响均达显著水平（p

0.05）；水肥耦合效应对核桃产量和水肥利用率有显著性影响（p

0.05）；硬核期和油脂转化期为核桃的需肥关键期；F

处理施肥量造成了土壤硝态氮的累积；W

和W

处理对滴灌核桃品质、产量和肥料偏生产力的影响无显著性差异，均与W

差异显著；施肥处理对核桃出仁率、产量和水肥利用效率的影响均达显著水平。[结论

]

新疆环塔盆地滴灌密植核桃全生育期适宜的水肥投入范围分别为438~469 mm（包含冬春灌）和7 074~7 168 kg/hm

，其中尿素3 144~3 186 kg/hm

，磷酸一铵3 930~3 982 kg/hm

。

Abstract

[Objective] The appropriate quantities of water and fertilizer were determined to understand their efficient utilization for walnut trees under drip irrigation in the Northwest Margin of Tarim Basin

which is a main production area of walnuts. The aim was to provide guidance for the extent of irrigation and nitrogen input to be used for drip irrigation for local dense planting of walnut trees.[Methods] The field experiment was conducted in the fruit trees experimental base of Xinjiang Agricultural University. Taking the nine-year-old dense planting of walnut trees (variety "Xinwen 185") as the research object

three irrigation levels (W1:375 mm

W2:435 mm

W3:495 mm) and three fertilizer doses (F1:2 250 kg/hm2

F2:4 500 kg/hm2

F3:9 000 kg/hm2) were arranged to study the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on walnut yield

walnut quality

and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip irrigation. Mathematical models of the relationship between water-fertilizer investment and walnut indicators were established through multiple quadratic regression analysis.[Results] The effects of irrigation and fertilizer on the soil NO-3-N in the walnut tree growth periods of hard stone and oil conversion

on the walnut yield

quality

irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE)

and partial factor productivity (PFP) reached significant levels (p<0.05). The interaction effects of irrigation and fertilizer on walnut yield

IWUE

and PFP reached significant levels (p<0.05). Hard stone and oil conversion periods were the key periods of fertilizer demand for walnut trees. The F3 treatment resulted in the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen. There was no significant difference in the effects of W2 and W3 treatments on the quality

yield

and PFP of drip irrigation of walnut trees

which were significantly different from those of W1. The effects of fertilizer application on the kernel yield

yield

IWUE

and PFP of walnut trees were significant.[Conclusion] Around Tarim Basin

the suitable ranges of water and fertilizer applications for the whole growth period of walnut trees were

438 to 469 mm (including winter and spring irrigation) and 7 074 to 7 168 kg/hm2

respectively

including 3 144 to 3 186 kg/hm2 urea and 3 930 to 3 982 kg/hm2 monoammonium phosphate.

关键词

Keywords

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