1. 贵州大学 农学院,贵州,贵阳,550025
2. 贵州省农业科学院 土壤肥料研究所,贵州,贵阳,550006
3. 农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州,贵阳,550006
4. 贵州省农业科学院 茶叶研究所,贵州,贵阳,550006
纸质出版:2019
移动端阅览
白怡婧, 李渝, 黄兴成, 等. 保护性耕作对黄壤坡耕地水土流失及作物产量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(6):16-20.
Bai Yijing, Li Yu, Huang Xingcheng, et al. Effects of Conservation Tillage on Crop Yield and Soil Erosion in Sloping Land of Yellow Soil[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(6): 16-20.
白怡婧, 李渝, 黄兴成, 等. 保护性耕作对黄壤坡耕地水土流失及作物产量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(6):16-20. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.003.
Bai Yijing, Li Yu, Huang Xingcheng, et al. Effects of Conservation Tillage on Crop Yield and Soil Erosion in Sloping Land of Yellow Soil[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(6): 16-20. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.003.
[目的
]
分析保护性耕作对黄壤坡耕地水土流失及作物产量的影响,为贵州省坡耕地水土流失治理及农业可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法
]
在西南地区典型黄壤坡耕地设置不施肥+顺坡平作(TR
1
)、常规施肥+顺坡平作(TR
2
)、优化施肥+顺坡平作(TR
3
)、优化施肥+横坡垄作(TR
4
)、优化施肥+横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖(TR
5
)、优化施肥+横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖+等高植物篱(TR
6
)共6个不同试验处理的监测小区,于2017—2018年监测了不同处理间作物产量、地表径流量、氮磷流失量、土壤养分含量的差异,并分析其相关性。[结果
]
①TR
4
,TR
5
,TR
6
较TR
3
的径流量分别减少了59.72%,74.13%和89.18%,氮磷流失总量与径流量趋势相同;②TR
5
,TR
6
对全量养分含量影响最大,其中全氮比TR
4
作高20.00%,23.67%,比TR
3
高23.53%,27.31%;③TR
4
,TR
5
,TR
6
处理下的玉米在保持较高产量的同时,作物产量稳定性(SI)和可持续性(SYI)最好;④玉米、油菜产量与全氮、全磷、有效磷、有机质呈极显著正相关(p
<
0.01),与速效氮呈显著正相关(p
<
0.05);玉米产量与氮素流失量、磷素流失量、径流量呈极显著负相关(p
<
0.01)。[结论
]
在坡耕地实施保护性耕作能有效降低地表径流发生,减少氮磷流失,保持土壤养分肥力的同时促进作物高产,并实现稳产及可持续生产,且实施综合保护性耕作的效能大于单项保护性耕作。
[Objective] The effects of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil erosion in sloping land of yellow soil were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for soil and water loss control an agricultural sustainable development in Guizhou Province.[Methods] In the typical slopping land of yellow soil in southwest China
nitrogen and phosphorus loss
surface runoff and soil nutrient content were investigated under different tillage systems from 2017 to 2018. Six monitoring plots were set up
including no fertilization + downslope conventional tillage(TR1)
conventional fertilization + downslope conventional tillage(TR2)
optimized fertilization+downslope conventional tillage(TR3)
optimized fertilization +cross ridge tillage(TR4)
optimized fertilization +cross ridge tillage + straw mulching(TR5)
optimized fertilization + cross ridge tillage + straw mulching + contour hedgerow(TR6).[Results] ① Compared with TR3
the runoff of TR4
TR5
TR6 were reduced by 59.72%
74.13% and 89.18% respectively
and the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus showed a same varying trend. ② TR5 and TR6 had the greatest impact on total nutrient content
of which total nitrogen was 20.00% and 23.67% higher than TR4
23.53% and 27.31% higher than TR3
respectively. ③ Maize yield stability(SI) and sustainability(SYI) were the best with TR4
TR5 and TR6 treatments while maintaining a high yield. ④ The yield of maize and rape was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen
total phosphorus
available phosphorus and organic matter(p<0.01)
and positively correlated with available nitrogen(p<0.05)
while negatively correlated with nitrogen loss
phosphorus loss and runoff(p<0.01).[Conclusion] Conservation tillage in sloping land could effectively reduce surface runoff
the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus
maintain the soil nutrient fertility and promote high yield of crops
and achieve a stable and sustainable production
and the effect of comprehensive conservation tillage measure is greater than that of single conservation tillage measure.
林昌虎,解德蕴,涂成龙,等.贵州山区坡耕地综合利用与整治[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(3):211-213.
朱燕琴,赵志斌,齐广平.黄土丘陵区植被类型和降雨对坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(2):9-16.
Ramos M C, Martnez-Casasnovas J A. Nutrient losses by runoff in vineyards of the Mediterranean Alt Penedès region(NE Spain)[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006,113(1):356-363.
尹迪信,唐华彬,朱青,等.坡耕地不同水土保持措施下的养分平衡和土壤肥力变化.水土保持学报,2002,16(1):72-75.
黄兴成,石孝均,李渝,等.基础地力对黄壤区粮油高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响.中国农业科学,2017,50(8):1476-1485.
彭石磊,何丙辉,王润泽,等.自然降雨条件下不同施肥模式和耕作方式对坡耕地紫色土肥力质量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2018,35(4):318-326.
Shelton D P, Dickey E C, Kachman S D, et al. Corn residue cover on the soil surface after planting for various tillage and planting systems[J]. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 1995,50(4):399-404.
朱青,王兆骞,尹迪信.贵州坡耕地可持续管理研究[J].贵州科学,2007,25(S1):494-501.
胡岗,秦松,范成五,等.3种不同管理措施黄壤坡耕地的有机碳与氮养分[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2630-2636.
田太强.施肥与耕作对紫色土坡耕地地表径流氮磷流失及作物产量的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
付恭华.中国粮食生产的多维成本研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
徐明岗,卢昌艾,张文菊,等.我国耕地质量状况与提升对策[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(7):8-14.
Ghimire R, Ghimire B, Mesbah A O, et al. Current status, opportunities, and challenges of cover cropping for sustainable dryland farming in the Southern Great Plains[J]. Journal of Crop Improvement, 2018,32(4):1-20.
国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
刘宏斌,邹国元,范先鹏,等.农田面源污染监测方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
马琳琳,安娟,刘前进.横坡垄作壤中流条件下垄高对径流态氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):56-60.
彭石磊.自然降雨条件下长期施肥和耕作对坡耕地紫色土壤肥力的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2018.
罗益.不同耕作模式下黄壤坡耕地地表径流氮素流失特征研究[D].贵州贵阳:贵州大学,2015.
杨爱民,沈昌蒲,刘福,等.坡耕地垄作区田水土保持效益的研究[J].水土保持学报,1994,8(3):52-58.
0
浏览量
981
下载量
8
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621