模拟降雨条件下不同砾石含量工程边坡土壤侵蚀及水动力学特征

杨兴; 张家喜; 彭培好; 王明田; 李伟

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.002

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模拟降雨条件下不同砾石含量工程边坡土壤侵蚀及水动力学特征

试验研究

- 模拟降雨条件下不同砾石含量工程边坡土壤侵蚀及水动力学特征
- Effects of Gravel Content on Soil Erosion and Water Flow Mechanics of Engineering Slope Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions
- 水土保持通报 2019年39卷第6期页码：9-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川,成都,610059
  2. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,四川,成都,610041
  3. 成都理工大学生态资源与景观研究所,四川,成都,610059
  4. 四川省气象台,四川,成都,610072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“西南高山亚高山区工程创面人工土壤重建技术”（2017YFC0504903）;中国科学院关键技术人才项目（CAS201665）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.002
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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杨兴, 张家喜, 彭培好, 等. 模拟降雨条件下不同砾石含量工程边坡土壤侵蚀及水动力学特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(6):9-15.

Yang Xing, Zhang Jiaxi, Peng Peihao, et al. Effects of Gravel Content on Soil Erosion and Water Flow Mechanics of Engineering Slope Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(6): 9-15.
杨兴, 张家喜, 彭培好, 等. 模拟降雨条件下不同砾石含量工程边坡土壤侵蚀及水动力学特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(6):9-15. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.002.

Yang Xing, Zhang Jiaxi, Peng Peihao, et al. Effects of Gravel Content on Soil Erosion and Water Flow Mechanics of Engineering Slope Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(6): 9-15. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.06.002.

摘要

[目的] 探究砾石含量对急陡工程边坡土壤侵蚀及流水力学特征的影响。[方法] 采用室内模拟降雨试验和人工制备土壤等方法，研究了在3种降雨强度（40，60，80 mm/h），5种砾石含量（3%，15%，35%，55%，75%）条件下50°工程边坡土壤侵蚀率变化特征以及土壤侵蚀率与各水动力学参数的关系。[结果] ①40，60，80 mm/h雨强下，各砾石含量坡面径流率较土质坡面分别减少了10.1%～55.9%，13.9%～41.9%，19.6%～47.7%；径流剪切力、径流功率、过水断面单位能分别与砾石含量呈显著递减的线性函数、指数函数、幂函数关系。②坡面侵蚀率随着砾石含量的增加而减小，不同试验雨强下侵蚀率大小及变化过程具有明显差异。当雨强为40 mm/h时，坡面整体产沙率较低，随降雨过程整体呈现出缓慢增加的趋势；当雨强为60 mm/h时，不同砾石含量下侵蚀率迅速增加后呈波浪式缓慢上升或平稳下降的趋势；当雨强为80 mm/h时，砾石含量为3%条件下，坡面侵蚀率迅速增长后增速降低，当砾石含量大于15%时，边坡侵蚀率达到峰值后均开始缓慢下降。③工程边坡土壤侵蚀率与径流率、径流剪切力、径流功率、过水断面单位能均呈显著线性函数、对数函数、幂函数关系。[结论] 工程边坡土壤中的砾石具有抗侵蚀作用，随着砾石含量的增多，坡面土壤侵蚀量和各水动力学参数均明显降低。

Abstract

[Objective] We aim to investigate the effects of gravel content on soil erosion and water hydrodynamic characteristics of steep slope project.[Methods] The relationship between soil erosion change rate and soil erosion rate and hydrodynamic parameters was studied by means of indoor simulated rainfall experiment and artificial soil preparation

at 50° engineering slope with 5 kinds of gravel content(3%

15%

35%

55%

75%) under 3 rainfall intensity(40

80 mm/h).[Results] ① With 40

80 mm/h rain intensity

the slope runoff rate of each gravel content was decreased by 10.1%~55.9%

13.9%~41.9%

19.6%~47.7% compared with that of soil slope. Runoff shear force

runoff power and unit energy of runoff section showed a linear

exponential and power function relationship with gravel content

respectively. ② The erosion rate of slope decreased with the increase of gravel content

and the amount of erosion rate and the change process of different experimental rain intensity showed obvious difference. When the rain intensity was 40 mm/h

the overall sediment yield of the slope was low

and the rainfall duration showed a slow increase trend. When the rain intensity was 60 mm/h

the erosion rate increased rapidly under different gravel content

and then fluctuated. When the rain intensity was 80 mm/h

the gravel content was 3%

the growth rate of slope decreased rapidly after rapid growth. And when the gravel content was greater than 15%

the slope erosion rate began to decline slowly after reaching the peak value. ③ The soil erosion rate showed a significantly linear function

logarithmic function and power function relation with runoff rate

runoff shear force

runoff power and the unit energy of the water section of the project slope.[Conclusion] The soil gravel of engineering slope has anti-erosion effect

and with the increase of gravel content

the soil erosion amount and the hydrodynamic parameters of slope are reduced significantly.

关键词

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references

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