黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变

郝丽婷; 吴发启

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.05.003

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黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变

试验研究

- 黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变
- Characteristics and Evolution of Soil Nutrients of Dam Land and Terrace in a Loess Hilly Area
- 水土保持通报 2019年39卷第5期页码：16-22
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技支撑计划“黄土高原农果牧复合循环技术集成与示范”（2012BAD14B11）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.05.003
  中图分类号： S153.6;S157.3
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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郝丽婷, 吴发启. 黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(5):16-22.

Hao Liting, Wu Faqi. Characteristics and Evolution of Soil Nutrients of Dam Land and Terrace in a Loess Hilly Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(5): 16-22.
郝丽婷, 吴发启. 黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(5):16-22. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.05.003.

Hao Liting, Wu Faqi. Characteristics and Evolution of Soil Nutrients of Dam Land and Terrace in a Loess Hilly Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(5): 16-22. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.05.003.

摘要

[目的] 了解黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分状况，为合理利用土地资源和恢复改善生态环境提供科学依据。[方法] 以陕西省延安市碾庄沟流域为研究区，以荒坡地作为对照，研究黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤演变特征。[结果] 速效磷、速效钾、有机质、全磷和全钾含量表现为梯田 > 坝地，全氮含量表现为坝地 > 梯田，除土壤钾素处于中等变异水平，其他土壤养分均处于高等变异水平，其中磷素和全氮变异系数较大。在80 cm剖面内，坝地和梯田土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮均具有明显的表聚性特征，全钾和全磷剖面分布均匀。在水平位置上，坝尾和上坡梯田养分含量更高，供肥性能更好。随着利用年限的增加，除全钾外，梯田养分表现为明显的先减后增的趋势；坝地速效磷、全氮和全磷表现为先减后增的趋势，速效钾、有机质和全钾表现为先增后减的趋势。坝地土壤养分变化的分水岭年限（45~50 a）比梯田（30 a）滞后至少15 a。[结论] 目前该区域除钾素外，土壤磷素、氮素和有机质均处于缺乏状态，亟待补充，应定期关注接近拐点年限的土壤养分状况。通过合理的管理措施，延长土地利用年限，促进农田土壤肥力可持续发展。相较于坝地和梯田，荒坡地土壤养分最高，供肥性能最好，变异系数最小，但其剖面分布不均匀，需翻地改善。

Abstract

[Objective] The soil nutrient status of dam land and terrace in a loess hilly area was studied to provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of land resources

and restoration and improvement of the ecological environment.[Methods] The characteristic evolution of soil nutrients of dam land and terrace was studied in contrast to a barren slope in the Nianzhuang Gully watershed of Yan'an City

Shaanxi Province.[Results] The content of rapidly available phosphorus (AP)

rapidly available potassium (AK)

organic matter (OM)

total phosphorus (TP)

and total potassium (TK) was found in the order of terrace > dam land

whereas the total nitrogen (TN) content was of the order of dam land > terrace. AK and TK were found at medium variation levels

whereas the other soil nutrients were at higher variation levels. In the 80 cm section

the AP

and TN in the dam land and terrace displayed phenotypic characteristics

and the distribution of the TP and TK profiles was uniform. In the horizontal position

the nutrient content of the dam tail and uphill terrace was higher than that of the other positions

and fertilizer performance was better. With an increase of the years of utilization

the nutrients found in the terrace (except for TK content) showed a significant trend of a decrease at first and then an increase. The AP

and TP content of the dam land showed the same trend of a decrease at first and then an increase

whereas AK

and TK content of the dam land showed an increase trend at first and then a decrease. The critical year (45~50 years) of the degradation of soil nutrient change in the dam land lagged by at least 15 years that of the terrace (approximately 30 years).[Conclusion] At present

except for TK

the TP

and OM content of dam land

terrace

and barren slope are in short supply. Thus

regular attention should be paid to the condition of soil nutrients close to the turning point and targeted supplementary fertilizer should be added promptly to extend the land use life via reasonable management measures and the promotion of the sustainable development of farmland. Compared with dam land and terrace

the soil nutrients in the barren slope were the highest

the fertilizer supply performance was the best

and the coefficient of variation was the smallest. However

the profile distribution was not uniform and required soil preparation.

关键词

Keywords

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