三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究

徐文秀; 韦杰; 李进林; 鲍玉海; 李沙沙

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.03.002

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三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究

试验研究

- 三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究
- Topsoil Erodibility on Purple Soil Sloping Farmlands in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
- 水土保持通报 2019年39卷第3期页码：7-11
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆,401331
  2. 三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆,401331
  3. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,四川,成都,610041
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“紫色土坡耕地土石复合坎结构与水土保持效应研究”（41471234）;重庆市教委科技项目（KJZD-K201800502）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.03.002
  中图分类号： S151.9;S157.1
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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徐文秀, 韦杰, 李进林, 等. 三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(3):7-11.

Xu Wenxiu, Wei Jie, Li Jinlin, et al. Topsoil Erodibility on Purple Soil Sloping Farmlands in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(3): 7-11.
徐文秀, 韦杰, 李进林, 等. 三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土的可蚀性研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019,39(3):7-11. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.03.002.

Xu Wenxiu, Wei Jie, Li Jinlin, et al. Topsoil Erodibility on Purple Soil Sloping Farmlands in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(3): 7-11. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.03.002.

摘要

[目的]揭示三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土可蚀性特征，为水土保持措施空间配置优化设计提供依据。[方法]以无措施坡耕地为对照，选取紫色土区埂坎、水平沟坡耕地为研究对象，采集表土测试机械组成和有机质含量，利用EPIC （environmental policy-integrated climate）模型计算可蚀性指标，比较3种坡耕地表土的颗粒组成、有机质含量和可蚀性指标。[结果]①紫色土坡耕地表土粉粒含量较高，黏粒含量较低，分别为45.78%~76.29%和6.05%~10.58%。坡面尺度内，埂坎坡耕地上地块下坡位表土粉粒含量明显高于紧邻的下地块上坡位，砂粒含量则相反。地块尺度内，上坡位砂粒含量较高，中下坡位粉粒含量和黏粒含量较高。②紫色土坡耕地表土有机质含量为0.61%~1.48%。坡面尺度内，埂坎坡耕地上地块下坡位表土有机质含量明显高于紧邻的下地块上坡位。地块尺度内，有机质主要在中下坡位富集。③紫色土坡耕地表土可蚀性K值介于0.043 8~0.059 2之间。坡面尺度内，埂坎和水平沟坡耕地下地块上坡位表土可蚀性K值分别比紧邻的上地块下坡位低16.55%和6.30%。地块尺度内，中下坡位的表土可蚀性K值较大，且最高值出现在坡面的3/4处。表土可蚀性K值与粉粒含量呈极显著正相关（p<0.01），与砂粒含量呈极显著负相关（p<0.01）。[结论]三峡库区紫色土坡耕地表土抗蚀能力较弱，埂坎和水平沟均具有较好的水土保持效果，对提高坡耕地抗蚀性具有一定作用。

Abstract

[Objective] The erodibility of topsoil on purple soil sloping farmlands in the Three Gorges reservoir area was investigated in order to provide a basis for spatial allocation design of soil conservation measures.[Methods] Two different kinds of purple soil sloping farmlands with soil bunds

horizontal ditch were selected

and topsoil was collected to determine the particle composition and organic matter content. Then the soil erodibility index was calculated by the environmental policy-integrated climate (EPIC) model

as to compare the particle composition

organic matter content and erodibility of the topsoil on purple soil sloping farmlands with different soil conservations.[Results] ① The content of silty particle in the topsoil of purple soil sloping farmlands was higher

and ranged from 45.78% to 76.29%

while the content of clay particle was relatively lower

ranged from 6.05% to 10.58%. At the slope scale

silty particle content at the lower slope of the upper field was significantly higher than that at the uphill position of the adjacent downhill plot

while sandy particle content was the opposite. At the field plot scale

sandy particle content was higher in the upper slope

and silty particle content and clay particle content were both higher in the middle and lower slope. ② The content of soil organic matter in topsoil on purple soil sloping farmlands ranged from 0.61% to 1.48%. At the slope scale

the organic matter content in topsoil of the lower slope of the upper field was significantly higher than that in the upper slope of the adjacent downhill plot. At the field plot scale

the organic matter content in the topsoil was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower slope. ③ The erodibility K value of topsoil on purple soil sloping farmlands was ranged from 0.043 8 to 0.059 2. At the slope scale

the erodibility K value at the upper slope of the lower slope of ridge and horizontal gully farmland was 16.55% and 6.30% lower than that at the lower slope of the adjacent upper field

respectively. At the field plot scale

the erodibility K value was higher in the middle and lower slope. The highest value occurred at the 3/4 of the slope. The erodibility K value of topsoil was positively related to silty particle content (p<0.01)

while negatively related to sandy particle content (p<0.01).[Conclusion] The anti-erosion capability of topsoil on purple soil sloping farmlands in the Three Gorges reservoir area is weak. Both soil bund and horizontal ditch have good soil conservation effects on purple soil sloping farmlands

which play an important role in improving the capability of soil anti-erosion.

关键词

Keywords

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