青海省共和盆地沙漠化驱动机制

李晓英; 姚正毅; 董治宝

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.06.051

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青海省共和盆地沙漠化驱动机制

试验研究

- 青海省共和盆地沙漠化驱动机制
- Driving Mechanism of Aeolian Desertification in Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province
- 水土保持通报 2018年38卷第6期页码：337-344
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃,兰州,730000
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重大科学研究计划项目“青藏高原沙漠化对全球变化的响应”（2013CB956000）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.06.051
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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李晓英, 姚正毅, 董治宝. 青海省共和盆地沙漠化驱动机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(6):337-344.

LI Xiaoying, YAO Zhengyi, DONG Zhibao. Driving Mechanism of Aeolian Desertification in Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(6): 337-344.
李晓英, 姚正毅, 董治宝. 青海省共和盆地沙漠化驱动机制[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(6):337-344. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.06.051.

LI Xiaoying, YAO Zhengyi, DONG Zhibao. Driving Mechanism of Aeolian Desertification in Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(6): 337-344. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.06.051.

摘要

[目的] 研究青海省共和盆地沙漠化的形成和发展过程，探讨沙漠化形成机制，为共和盆地生态环境治理提供科学依据。[方法] 利用Google Earth和ArcGIS分析不同区域的沙漠化分布特征；通过6期遥感卫星影像解译比对，对沙丘移动速度和古沙丘活化速度进行监测；并利用SPSS对共和盆地气温、降水、风速和牲畜数量进行分析；结合野外调查、实验室粒度分析、地层分析，研究沙漠化的形成过程。[结果] 共和盆地流动沙片分布广泛，发育有大量雅丹地貌，沙漠化土地呈斑块状、条带状交错分布。地层分析显示，固定沙丘的表层覆盖有厚度不一的粉沙土，其下为松散古风成沙。土地沙漠化的主要形式是固定沙丘活化、河湖相细沙外露、固定沙带及古沙丘活化。[结论] 有胶结作用的粉沙土是古风成沙的保护层，而食草动物的践踏是破坏保护层的主要原因。在动物破坏、风沙流及重力侵蚀作用下，粉沙土层崩塌破坏，更多古风成沙暴露，此过程循环往复，造成沙丘活化，形成风蚀坑，是共和县沙漠化形成和发展的主要过程。

Abstract

[Objective] The objective of this paper was to analyze the causes and processes of aeolian desertification in Gonghe basin of Qinghai Province

and to provide scientific basis for controlling the ecological environment.[Methods] Google Earth and ArcGIS were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of aeolian desertification in different regions. The movement velocity of sand dunes and the velocity reactivation of fossil dunes were monitored by comparing the interpreted remote-sensing images in six periods. The temperature

precipitation

wind speed

and livestock number were analyzed by the SPSS. In addition

the formation process of aeolian desertification was studied according to the field investigation

grain-size test

and analysis of stratigraphy.[Results] The mobile dunes and sand sheets are widely distributed in Gonghe basin of Qinghai Province. There have a large number of aeolian Yardang landforms

and the sandy lands are interlaced with patch and strip. Stratigraphic analysis showed that the surface of fixed dunes is covered by sandy silt with different thickness

and the layer under there is relatively loose sand. The main forms of aeolian desertification are the reactivation of fixed sand dunes

the exposure of fine sands from rivers and lakes

and the reactivation of fixed sand belts and fossil dunes.[Conclusion] Cemented silts layer is a protective shell of the loose sand

and trampling of grazing animals is main reason for the damage of this protective layer. Under trampling of grazing animals damage

sand flow

and gravity erosion

the collapse and destruction of the silts layer lead more loose sand exposed. The circulation of this process made the reactivation of fixed sand dunes and formed the blowouts

which is the main process of aeolian desertification formation and development in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province.

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