北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性

杨少斌; 孙向阳; 张骏达; 傅振; 李婧

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.03.013

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北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性

试验研究

- 北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性
- Speciation and Bioavailability of Four Heavy Metals in Greenbelt Soil Within 5th Ring Road of Beijing City
- 水土保持通报 2018年38卷第3期页码：79-85
- 作者机构：
  
  北京林业大学林学院,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市科技计划课题“北京市绿地林地土壤质量提升关键技术研究与示范”（Z161100001116061）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.03.013
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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杨少斌, 孙向阳, 张骏达, 等. 北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(3):79-85.

YANG Shaobin, SUN Xiangyang, ZHANG Junda, et al. Speciation and Bioavailability of Four Heavy Metals in Greenbelt Soil Within 5th Ring Road of Beijing City[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(3): 79-85.
杨少斌, 孙向阳, 张骏达, 等. 北京市五环内绿地土壤4种重金属的形态特征及其生物有效性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(3):79-85. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.03.013.

YANG Shaobin, SUN Xiangyang, ZHANG Junda, et al. Speciation and Bioavailability of Four Heavy Metals in Greenbelt Soil Within 5th Ring Road of Beijing City[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(3): 79-85. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.03.013.

摘要

[目的]了解北京市五环内绿地表层（0-20 cm）土壤重金属（Cu，Cd，Pb和Zn）的形态特征及其生物有效性，为北京市绿地土壤重金属污染防治提供比较可靠的参考依据。[方法]在建成时间为2~400 a的绿化区内共采集表层土壤样品151个，运用改进BCR提取法分析样品中重金属的赋存形态，而后通过风险评价编码法（RAC）和次生相与原生相分布比值法（RSP）对重金属生物有效性进行评估。[结果]样品中重金属Cu，Cd，Pb和Zn的含量分别为31.42，0.29，29.89，76.78 mg/kg，Cu，Zn在中部和东北部含量较高，Pb在中部地区含量较高，Cd在西北部、东北部和南部存在少量高值区。Cu，Cd，Pb和Zn形态分布的总体规律均为：残渣态 > 可氧化态 > 弱酸溶态 > 可还原态，稳定态含量均远高于有效态，有效态含量比例表明重金属生物有效性大小顺序为：Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb风险评价编码法（RAC）表明，Cd和Zn环境风险程度为低风险，Cu和Pb无环境风险。次生相与原生相分布比值法（RSP）显示，Cu，Cd，Pb和Zn元素RSP值分别为0.06，0.49，0.18，0.13，土壤整体上未受到重金属污染，但是有少部分地区存在被污染现象。[结论]北京市五环内绿地土壤总体上不存在重金属Cu，Cd，Pb和Zn污染，环境风险较低，但应对重金属赋存形态保持关注。

Abstract

[Objective] To understand the characteristics of speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals (Cu

and Zn)in greenbelt surface (0-20 cm) soil within the 5th ring road of Beijing City in order to provide reliable information for soil heavy metal pollution control in Beijing City.[Methods] A total of 151 surface soil samples were collected from greenbelt land built 2~400 years ago. A modified BCR extraction technique was used to analyze the chemical forms of heavy metals from the collected samples. Risk assessment code (RAC) and the ratio of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP) were used to evaluate the bioavailability of the heavy metals.[Results] The average content of total Cu

and Zn in soil samples were 31.42

0.29

29.89 and 76.78 mg/kg

respectively. The content of total Cu and Zn were higher in the northeast and central region

Pb was higher in central region

and there were a few high-Cd areas existed in the northwest

northeast

and south region. The speciation distribution of Cu

and Zn were ranked as:residual > oxidizable > weak acid soluble > reducible

and the concentrations of stable heavy metals were much higher than available heavy metals. The bioavailability was ranked as:Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. Risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Cd and Zn was at low environmental risk level

and Cu and Pb was no environmental risk. The ratio of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP) showed that the RSP values of Cu

and Zn was 0.06

0.49

0.18 and 0.13

respectively

most of the soil samples were not polluted by heavy metals.[Conclusion] The environmental risk and pollution of heavy metals (Cu

and Zn) of greenbelt soil within the 5th ring road of Beijing City are at a low level

but enough attentions need to be paid on heavy mental occurrence form.

关键词

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