贵州省喀斯特区域土壤水分持续上升时期气象要素对土壤水分的影响

何兴潼; 袁淑杰; 谷晓平; 潘媞; 于飞

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.02.015

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贵州省喀斯特区域土壤水分持续上升时期气象要素对土壤水分的影响

试验研究

- 贵州省喀斯特区域土壤水分持续上升时期气象要素对土壤水分的影响
- Response of Soil Moisture in Arising Term to Meteorological Factors over Karst Area of Guizhou Province
- 水土保持通报 2018年38卷第2期页码：87-94
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川,成都,610225
  2. 贵州省山地环境气候研究所,贵州,贵阳,550002
  3. 四川省气象局气象服务中心,四川,成都,610072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“喀斯特地区土壤水分对气象要素响应规律研究”（41365008）;国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“气候变暖背景下我国南方旱涝灾害的变化规律和机理及其影响与对策”（2013CB430206）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.02.015
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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何兴潼, 袁淑杰, 谷晓平, 等. 贵州省喀斯特区域土壤水分持续上升时期气象要素对土壤水分的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(2):87-94.

HE Xingtong, YUAN Shujie, GU Xiaoping, et al. Response of Soil Moisture in Arising Term to Meteorological Factors over Karst Area of Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(2): 87-94.
何兴潼, 袁淑杰, 谷晓平, 等. 贵州省喀斯特区域土壤水分持续上升时期气象要素对土壤水分的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018,38(2):87-94. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.02.015.

HE Xingtong, YUAN Shujie, GU Xiaoping, et al. Response of Soil Moisture in Arising Term to Meteorological Factors over Karst Area of Guizhou Province[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(2): 87-94. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.02.015.

摘要

[目的]系统分析气象环境要素对贵州省喀斯特地区土壤水分变化的影响，为该喀斯特区域土壤水分的预报、生态环境恢复以及农业产业化的优化布局提供理论参考。[方法]基于贵州喀斯特区域10个自动土壤水分观测站2011-2015年逐日土壤水分、降水量、气温、地表温度、相对湿度、风速和日照时数资料，针对不同农业气候区逐日土壤水分持续上升且气温持续上升或下降两个不同时段，分析气象要素对土壤水分的影响。[结果]①气象要素对土壤湿度的影响具有一定的滞后性，其滞后时间为10~30 d。②降水、气温、地表温度为影响土壤水分变化的最主要因子，与土壤水分相关系数为0.66~0.95；风速对土壤水分变化的影响较弱，相关系数 < 0.40，相对湿度、辐射的相关系数仅在气温下降时期 > 0.60。③气温越高、累计降水量越小，则累计降水滞后时间越短，但气温和地表温度滞后时间越长。④研究时段内累计降水大于22.4~135 mm （气温持续上升）或11.2~54.7 mm （气温持续下降）时，其余气象要素的变化不能改变土壤水分的上升趋势。⑤不同农业气候区气象要素与土壤水分关系模型绝大部分 < 5%，误差较小，较准确反映了气象要素对土壤水分的影响。[结论]贵州省喀斯特区域10 cm逐日土壤水分对气候要素的响应存在滞后性，而气象要素对土壤水分变化的滞后时间、相关系数的差别，主要原因是农业气候区、气象要素、逐日土壤水分变化阶段不同引起。

Abstract

[Objective] A systematic analysis of the impact of meteorological elements on soil moisture in karst area of Guizhou Province was conducted to provide theoretical reference for the prediction of soil moisture

restoration of ecological environment and the optimization of agricultural industrialization in this karst area.[Methods] The effects of meteorological factors on soil moisture were analyzed using two divisional dataset. One dataset is that had increased daily soil moisture and air temperature

another dataset is that had arose soil moisture but declined air temperature. Meteorological factors had daily soil moisture

precipitation

temperature

surface temperature

relative humidity

wind speed and sunshine duration of 10 soil moisture automatic observation stations in karst area of Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2015.[Results] ① The effect of different meteorological factors on the daily soil moisture was lagged to some extent and its lagging time were 10~30 days. ② Precipitation

temperature and surface temperature were the main influence factors of soil water change

having correlation coefficients of 0.66~0.95. The effects of wind speed on soil moisture change were generally weak in majority of agroclimatic zones

its correlation coefficients were less than 0.40. The correlation coefficients of radiation

relative humidity and soil moisture were greater than 0.60 when air temperature was declined. ③ High preceding air temperature and low previous cumulative precipitation were followed by reduced lagging days of precipitation

but the lagging days of air temperature and surface soil temperature were prolonged meanwhile. ④ Precipitation played a major role in the daily soil moisture changes. Changes of other meteorological factors cannot change the downward trend of daily soil moisture when accumulative precipitation was more than 22.4~135 mm in arising stage of air temperature

or when it was greater than 11.2~54.7 mm in declining stage. ⑤ The model between soil moisture and meteorological factors had small (<5.00%)

can reflected accurately the influences of meteorological factors on soil moisture.[Conclusion] The response of 10 cm daily soil moisture to climatic factors in Guizhou karst region was lagged. The differences of the lagging time and the correlation coefficient between meteorological elements and soil moisture were mainly caused by stage differences of agroclimatic zones

meteorological factors and daily soil moisture changes.

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