积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响

倪中应; 石一珺; 章明奎

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.06.007

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积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响

试验研究

- 积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响
- Effects of Salt Accumulation on Acidification and Acid Composition in Protected Soils
- 水土保持通报 2017年37卷第6期页码：43-48
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 桐庐县农业和林业技术推广中心, 浙江桐庐,311500
  2. 浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江,杭州,310058
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目“水耕人为土诊断层/诊断特性的空间分布规律与田间识别模式研究”（41571207）;国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD14B04）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.06.007
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2017
- 稿件说明：
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倪中应, 石一珺, 章明奎. 积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(6):43-48.

NI Zhongying, SHI Yijun, ZHANG Mingkui. Effects of Salt Accumulation on Acidification and Acid Composition in Protected Soils[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(6): 43-48.
倪中应, 石一珺, 章明奎. 积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(6):43-48. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.06.007.

NI Zhongying, SHI Yijun, ZHANG Mingkui. Effects of Salt Accumulation on Acidification and Acid Composition in Protected Soils[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(6): 43-48. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.06.007.

摘要

[目的]探讨盐渍化对土壤酸度的可能影响，为了解设施栽培土壤的酸化过程提供依据。[方法]采集了不同酸化特征的设施栽培土壤、露天栽培土壤和自然酸性土壤等3类表层土壤和剖面分层土壤样品，通过化学分析和室内添加肥料盐及土壤洗盐模拟试验，比较研究设施栽培土壤、露天栽培土壤与自然酸性土壤中活性酸、潜性酸、盐基饱和度之间关系差异及其受土壤盐分积累的影响。[结果]与自然酸性土壤相比，设施栽培土壤的酸是人为输入式，其酸化主要发生在表层，土壤剖面呈自上而下下降。在相同交换性酸水平的条件下，设施栽培土壤的pH值最低，其次为露天栽培土壤，而自然酸性土壤的pH值相对较高。在相同土壤pH值的情况下，自然酸性土壤的盐基饱和度明显低于设施栽培土壤和露天栽培土壤，而设施栽培土壤的盐基饱和度高于露天栽培土壤；设施栽培土壤的交换性酸中活性酸组成比例高于自然酸性土壤。增加中盐的积累可显著降低设施栽培土壤pH值；设施栽培土壤的盐分淋洗过程在降低土壤盐分的同时也降低了土壤的活性酸（提高了土壤的pH值）。[结论]盐分的积累增强了设施栽培土壤中潜性酸向活性酸的转化，高量施用化肥不仅可直接通过酸性物质的输入促进土壤pH值的下降，同时由此引起的盐分也可在一定程度上进一步降低土壤的pH值。

Abstract

[Objective] Investigation of the possible effects of salinization on soil acidity could provide some evidence for understanding the acidification process of protected cultivation soil.[Methods] Three types of surface soils and soil profiles with different acidification characteristics were collected from the protected cultivation farmland

open cultivation farmland and natural acid land. The soils were used for studying the differences in relations among active acid

potential acid and base saturation

and the effects of salt accumulation on soil acidity by means of chemical analysis and simulation tests of fertilizer salt addition and salt leaching.[Results] There was some difference in acidity between the protected soils and natural acidic soils. The acid in the protected cultivation farmland was human input

which was different from natural acid soils. Soil acidification of the protected soils mainly occurred in the surface layer

and decreased from the top to the bottom. Under the condition of the same exchangeable acid content

the pH value of the soils from the protected cultivation farmland was the lowest

followed by open cultivation farmland

while the pH value of natural acid soils was relatively high. At the same soil pH values

base saturation of natural acidic soils was significantly lower than those of the protected cultivation farmland and the open cultivation farmland

and base saturation of soils from the protected cultivation farmland was higher than that of open cultivation farmland. The proportion of active acid in the exchangeable acid of the protected cultivation soils was higher than that of the natural acid soil. Increasing the accumulation of soil salt can decrease soil pH value. Salt leaching process of the protected cultivation soils reduced soil salinity

and it was also accompanied by a decrease in soil active acid and an increase in soil pH value.[Conclusion] The study suggested that the accumulation of salts in soil can enhance the transformation of potential acid to active acid. High amount of application of chemical fertilizer not only can promote the decrease of pH value of soil directly through the input of acidic material

but also can further reduce the pH value of the soil to a certain extent as a result of salt accumulation.

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