应用<sup>137</sup>Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨

张勋昌

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.058

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应用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨

试验研究

- 应用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨
- Several Key Issues on Using ¹³⁷Cs Method for Soil Erosion Estimation
- 水土保持通报 2017年37卷第5期页码：342-346
- 作者机构：
  
  美国农业部农业研究局牧草地实验室, 美国俄克拉何马州厄尔雷诺,73036
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目“黑土侵蚀防治机理与调控技术”（项目编号2016YFE0202900）;国家自然科学基金项目“黑土区多种外营力相互作用的坡面侵蚀过程与机理”（41571263）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.058
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2017
- 稿件说明：
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张勋昌. 应用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(5):342-346.

Xunchang(John) ZHANG. Several Key Issues on Using ¹³⁷Cs Method for Soil Erosion Estimation[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(5): 342-346.
张勋昌. 应用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(5):342-346. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.058.

Xunchang(John) ZHANG. Several Key Issues on Using ¹³⁷Cs Method for Soil Erosion Estimation[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(5): 342-346. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.058.

摘要

[目的

]

探讨用

137

Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀量方法（以下简称"

137

Cs示踪方法"）所存在的几个关键问题，促进该方法的标准化和系统化。[方法

]

对大量已发表的相关文献进行分析，根据作者的研究经验，归纳出

137

Cs示踪方法在实践应用中所存在的核心问题。[结果

]

137

Cs示踪方法中关于

137

Cs在空间是均匀分布的假设存在不合理性，不能直接用于定量估算单钻点取样的土壤侵蚀量。

137

Cs活度的空间变化存在随机性的成分。敏感度和不确定性分析结果证明

137

Cs活度的空间随机变化量是

137

Cs示踪方法不确性的最大来源。[结论

]

可以用多钻点样本平均值来减少

137

Cs随机变化量所引起的侵蚀估算误差。以统计学为基础的试验设计和采取独立样本的办法可以消除该误差。虽然

137

Cs模型已被广泛应用，但由于缺乏长期观测资料诸多模型还处在理论研究阶段，没有得到严格的验证和评判。因为不同模型估算的侵蚀量差别甚大，模型验证和筛选对该方法的成功运用至关重要。

Abstract

[Objective] This work was to examine several key issues of using the 137Cs method to estimate soil erosion rates in order to improve and standardize the method.[Methods] Based on the comprehensive review and synthesis of a large body of published literature and extensive long-term research experience

several key issues in the application of the 137Cs method were generalized.[Results] The core assumption that spatial distribution of 137Cs inventories is uniform is invalid

and that the 137Cs method cannot be used to estimate quantitative soil erosion rates using a single soil core sample. The author emphasized that there existed a random component in 137Cs spatial variation

and showed that this spatial random component was the largest uncertainty contributor of the 137Cs method using the previous results from a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.[Conclusion] The erosion estimation error resulting from spatial random variation can be filtered out by using a mean 137Cs inventory of multiple independent soil cores or samples. The spatial random component can be removed using appropriate sampling designs for taking independent samples based on geo-statistical properties. Although the 137Cs erosion models have been widely used in the literature

none of them has been vigorously tested and validated due to the lack of measured long-term soil loss data

and most models still remain theoretical. Because extremely large differences exist between model estimates

model validation and evaluation are utterly important for successful application and acceptance of the 137Cs method.

关键词

Keywords

references

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应用137Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨

Several Key Issues on Using 137Cs Method for Soil Erosion Estimation

DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.058

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

应用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算土壤侵蚀的若干问题探讨

Several Key Issues on Using ¹³⁷Cs Method for Soil Erosion Estimation