三峡库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理

洪兰; 韦杰; 李进林

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.028

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三峡库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理

试验研究

- 三峡库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理
- Farmers' Behaviors Toward Soil Conservation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Category and Mechanism
- 水土保持通报 2017年37卷第5期页码：163-168
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆,401331
  2. 三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆,401331
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目“紫色土坡耕地土石复合坎结构与水土保持效应研究”（41471234）;重庆市基础与前沿研究计划重点项目（cstc2015jcyjBX0141）;重庆市教委科技项目（KJ1500315）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.028
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2017
- 稿件说明：
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洪兰, 韦杰, 李进林. 三峡库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(5):163-168.

HONG Lan, WEI Jie, LI Jinlin. Farmers' Behaviors Toward Soil Conservation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Category and Mechanism[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(5): 163-168.
洪兰, 韦杰, 李进林. 三峡库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(5):163-168. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.028.

HONG Lan, WEI Jie, LI Jinlin. Farmers' Behaviors Toward Soil Conservation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Category and Mechanism[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(5): 163-168. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.05.028.

摘要

[目的] 分析三峡库区农户水土保持行为的类型、特点、机理和主要效果，为区域水土保持和生态环境建设决策提供依据。[方法] 对三峡库区（重庆段）5个区县113户农户进行了问卷调查和重点访谈，运用调查数据分析库区农户水土保持行为类型及其机理。[结果] 三峡库区农户水土保持行为主要分自觉自愿型和政策引导型两大类。自觉自愿型是农户创造性地适应环境、保护耕地，降低投入、增加收入，以农户耕地管理和保护性耕作行为为主，农户的水土保持需求形成农户水土保持动机，产生了开挖边沟背沟、挑沙面土、大横坡+小顺坡耕作、等高耕作、免耕、反坡挖地、作物间作套种、种植植物篱和药物除草等行为。其中，间作套种、开挖边沟背沟、大横坡+小顺坡耕作和挑沙面土4项耕作行为在库区推广较好。政策引导型行为是农户受国家水土保持政策引导而参与水土保持生态建设，是国家战略需求和农户实际需要的有机结合，可以细分为三种类型，一是劳务报酬类，农户参与坡改梯等水土保持工程建设并获得劳务报酬。二是经济补偿类，农户响应国家水土保持生态建设号召，采取退耕还林等行为并获得一定补偿。三是资金补贴类，农户在政府资金前补助或后补助情况下修建塘库、道路等水土保持设施。[结论] 三峡库区农户水土保持经验丰富，各种水土保持行为均具有较好效果，值得在小流域治理等水土保持生态建设中推广。

Abstract

[Objective] To analyze the types

characteristics

mechanism and main effects of farmers' soil conservation behaviors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

and to provide a reference for decision-making regarding regional soil erosion control and ecological environment improvement.[Methods] We investigated 113 farmers inhabited in the region with serious soil loss in five counties of the Three Gorges Reservoir area (Chongqing section)

using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. According to the survey data

we analyzed the types and mechanism of soil conservation behavior of farmers in the reservoir area.[Results] The farmers' soil conservation behaviors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area mainly include voluntary behaviors and policy-oriented behaviors. Voluntary behaviors are that farmers creatively adapt to the environment and protect farmland

to reduce investment and increase revenue. The farmers' motivation of soil conservation is elicited by farmers' needs. Under the impact of the motivation

farmers are willing to carry out soil conservation practices

including digging side ditches

turning sediments back to farmland

slope length cutdown and downslope tillage

contour ploughing

no-tillage

upslope ploughing

intercropping

planting hedgerow and herbicides weeding. Among them

four kinds of tillage behaviors

i.e.

crop intercropping

digging side ditches

slope length cutdown and downslope tillage

and turning sediments back to farmland

are more popular in the Three Gorges reservoir area. Farmers are easily influenced by the national soil conservation policies and thus participate in soil conservation ecological environment construction. The policy-oriented behaviors are a combination of the national strategic needs and the actual needs of farmers

and it could further be categorized into three subtypes. The first one is labor fee. Famers participate in the soil conservation projects such as transforming slope into terrace and obtain remuneration. Secondly

it is economic compensation. Farmers respond to the national demand of soil conservation and take defarming actions and get some compensation. The third category is for government subsidies. Farmers build soil conservation facilities like ponds

roads

etc.

for pre or post subsidies.[Conclusion] Farmers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have rich experience in soil conservation. Many soil conservation behaviors bring positive effects and they are worth promoting among the small watershed management and other ecological construction projects.

关键词

Keywords

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