不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响

寇馨月; 黄俊; 姜学兵; 向家平; 金平伟; 王思伟

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.02.004

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不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响

试验研究

- 不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响
- Effects of Rainfall on Runoff and Sediment Under Different Underlying Surfaces of Runoff Plots
- 水土保持通报 2017年37卷第2期页码：27-31
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站,广东,广州,510611
  2. 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东,广州,510611
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放基金项目“红壤区小流域水沙输移规律研究”（2016006）;广东省水利科技创新项目（2009-50）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.02.004
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2017
- 稿件说明：
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寇馨月, 黄俊, 姜学兵, 等. 不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(2):27-31.

KOU Xinyue, HUANG Jun, JIANG Xuebing, et al. Effects of Rainfall on Runoff and Sediment Under Different Underlying Surfaces of Runoff Plots[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(2): 27-31.
寇馨月, 黄俊, 姜学兵, 等. 不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(2):27-31. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.02.004.

KOU Xinyue, HUANG Jun, JIANG Xuebing, et al. Effects of Rainfall on Runoff and Sediment Under Different Underlying Surfaces of Runoff Plots[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2017, 37(2): 27-31. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2017.02.004.

摘要

[目的] 揭示南方红壤区人工径流小区次降雨对径流泥沙作用规律，为区域水土保持工程实践与基础理论研究提供参考。[方法] 基于云南摩布小流域3种下垫面（林地、农地、裸地）人工径流小区2013-2015年自然降雨观测资料，采用M-K趋势检验、灰色相关分析及双累积曲线等方法研究了次降雨量、径流量、泥沙量和入渗率的变化趋势及相关关系，以及降雨因子对径流泥沙的影响。[结果]（1）2013-2015年摩布径流小区月降雨均呈先增加后减少的波动性变化趋势，3 a降雨量无显著性变化趋势。（2）相同降雨量各下垫面径流小区产流差异显著（p<0.05），其中林地最小，农地次之，裸地最大；3种下垫面次降雨径流深增长速率大小规律与此相同。（3）次降雨产沙量与降雨量、径流量均存在密切相关关系，相关系数分别为0.67~0.82，0.69~0.85。径流小区产沙能力随雨强增大而增强。相同雨量下，林地产沙能力最小，而裸地累积产沙量增速最大。（4）3个径流小区的入渗率均随降雨量和雨强增大而增大，其中林地入渗率最大，平均入渗率为94.03%；裸地入渗率最小，平均入渗率为86.28%。[结论] 与农地和裸地相比，林地不同程度提高了土壤入渗性能，降低了产流量和产沙量。

Abstract

[Objective] Effects of rainfall on runoff and sediment in red soil region of Southern China were studied in runoff plots

to provide references for soil and water conservation engineering practice and fundamental research. [Methods] Based on three underlying surfaces (forest

agricultural land

bare land) of runoff plots in Mobu watershed of Yunnan Province

chrono-changes of rainfall

runoff

sediment and infiltration rate were observed from 2013 to 2015. Their relationships were analyzed by means of Mann-Kendall

grey correlation analysis and double cumulative curve

and so on. Meanwhile

effects of rainfall amount on runoff and sediment were studied. [Results] (1) The monthly rainfall during a year showed a fluctuated trend: firstly increased

and then decreased. The rainfall had no significant change among the three years. (2) Under same level of rainfall amount

significant difference in runoff among the three underlying surfac-runoff plots(p<0.05)

they ranked as: forest > agricultural land > bare land. For runoff depth

it had the same rank. (3) Sediment yield had a strong correlation with rainfall and runoff. The correlative coefficients were 0.67~0.82 and 0.69~0.85 respectively. The sediment yield increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Under similar rainfall scenario

forest had the minimum sediment

while bare land had the largest one. (4) The infiltration rate increased with the growth of rainfall and rainfall intensity in all three runoff plots. The infiltration rate was the biggest in forest with an average infiltration rate of 94.03%; the infiltration rate was the smallest in bare land

its infiltration rate was 86.28%. [Conclusion] As compared with agricultural land and bare land

forest plot increased soil infiltration capacity and reduced the runoff and sediment yield to some extent.

关键词

Keywords

references

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