渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征

陶望雄; 马亚鑫; 张杰; 刘招; 贾志峰

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.06.018

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征

试验研究

- 渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征
- Spatial and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity inWeihe River Basin
- 水土保持通报 2016年36卷第6期页码：110-114
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南,长沙,410019
  2. 长安大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西,西安,710054
  3. 长安大学水与发展研究院,陕西,西安,710054
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中央高校基本科研业务专项“土壤凝结水形式机制研究”（310829161003）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项（310850151100）;陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2015JM5256）;中央高校基本科研业务专项“西北地区节水灌溉模式对地下水的影响”（310829161010）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.06.018
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2016
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陶望雄, 马亚鑫, 张杰, 等. 渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(6):110-114.

TAO Wangxiong, MA Yaxin, ZHANG Jie, et al. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity inWeihe River Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(6): 110-114.
陶望雄, 马亚鑫, 张杰, 等. 渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(6):110-114. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.06.018.

TAO Wangxiong, MA Yaxin, ZHANG Jie, et al. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Rainfall Erosivity inWeihe River Basin[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(6): 110-114. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.06.018.

摘要

[目的

]

揭示渭河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征，为区域水土保持规划提供依据。[方法

]

根据渭河流域及其周边范围30个气象站点1957-2014年逐日降雨资料，采用章文波日降雨量侵蚀模型计算各站点的降雨侵蚀力，分析其空间分布规律和年内分布特征。[结果

]

渭河流域多年平均降雨侵蚀力值分布范围为806.25~3 510.81 MJ·mm/（hm

·h），平均值1 798.97 MJ·mm/（hm

·h），与多年平均侵蚀性降雨的空间分布基本一致，总体呈现西北低东南高的趋势。渭河流域降雨侵蚀力年内变化呈单峰型，主要集中在7-9月，占全年降雨侵蚀力的63.91%。北部黄土高原地区和关中平原发生水土流失的时期集中在7-9月，而秦岭北麓地区5-10月均有可能发生较大的水土流域，侵蚀风险由西北向东南递增。流域降雨侵蚀力年际波动较大，年际变率C

值在34%~56%之间，整体而言，流域西北部地区的降雨侵蚀力年际变化幅度大于东南部地区。除洛川、长武、环县、平凉4个站点降雨侵蚀力在研究时段内有所增大外，其余地区降雨侵蚀侵蚀力呈不同速率的减小趋势。[结论

]

渭河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布差异显著，尽管流域降雨侵蚀力呈减弱趋势，由于流域地处黄土高原，水土保持与水源涵养工作仍需高度重视。

Abstract

[Objective] To study the temporal variability and spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in Weihe River basin in order to provide a reference for soil and water conservation.[Methods] Based on the daily rainfall data from 1957 to 2014 in 30 meteorological stations in Weihe River basin

the rainfall erosivity model proposed by Zhang Wenbo was used to calculate the rainfall erosivity

and its temporal variability and spatial distribution were analyzed.[Results] The range of annual rainfall erosivity in Weihe River basin was 806~4 017.81 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) with an average value of 1 798.97 MJ·mm/(hm2·h). The average annual erosivity decreased from the northwest to the southeast in general. There was strong correlation between the average annual erosive rainfall and the rainfall erosivity

and they had similar spatial distribution. The rainfall erosivity from July to September account for 63.91% of the total annual rainfall erosivity

showing an unimodal annual variation. Soil water loss was found mainly concentrated from July to September in the northern of the Loess Plateau and Guanzhong region. Great soil erosion might potentially occurred from May to October in Qinling Mountains. The risk of erosion increased from the northwest to the southeast; The inter-annual change of rainfall erosivity in Weihe River basin was obvious with the Cv value ranging from 34% to 56%. Cv value of rainfall erosivity in northwest region was larger than that in southeast region in general. The annual rainfall erosivity of most areas in Weihe River basin showed upward trend with different rates

except for the decline trends of Luochuan

Changwu

Huanxian and Pingliang stations.[Conclusion] There were significant differences of rainfall erosivity in spatial and temporal distribution. Although rainfall erosivity in Weihe River basin showed a decreasing trend

soil and water conservation work is still very important.

关键词

Keywords

references

Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate[J]. Tellus Series B:Chemical & Physical Meteorology, 1992, 44(2):81-99.

Oliver J E. Intergovernmental panel in climate change (IPCC)[J]. Encyclopedia of Energy Natural Resource & Environmental Economics, 2013, 26(14):48-56.

Marland G, Boden T A, Andres R J, et al. Global, regional, and national fossil fuel CO

emissions[C]. Trends:A Compendium of Data on Global Change, 2009.

韩广轩,周广胜.土壤呼吸作用时空动态变化及其影响机制研究与展望[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):197-205.

王涛主编.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].河北石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003.

黄湘,李卫红,陈亚宁,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林群落土壤呼吸及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1951-1959.

杨建军,吕光辉,张燕,等.艾比湖流域土壤呼吸日变化及水热因子影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(2):223-231.

靳虎甲,马全林,张有佳,等.石羊河下游白刺灌丛演替发育过程的土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):140-147.

Song Weimin, Chen Shiping, Wu Bo, et al. Vegetation cover and rain timing co-regulate the responses of soil CO

efflux to rain increase in an arid desert ecosystem[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2012, 49(1):114-123.

贾子毅. 干旱区白刺荒漠生态系统土壤呼吸对增雨的响应[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2011.

Liu Dianjun, Wu Bo, Li Yonghua, et al. Effect of rain enrichment on soil respiration of Nitraria sphaerocarpa community in a hyperarid area[J]. Sciences in Cold & Arid Regions, 2013, 5(6):722-732.

徐先英,严平,郭树江,等.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141-145.

李鸿儒,王继和,蒋志荣,等.白刺沙包发育过程的土壤水分与根系生物量的关系[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010(06):42-46.

孟祥利,陈世苹,魏龙,等.库布齐沙漠油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率时空变异特征研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1152-1158.

杨建军,吕光辉,张燕,等.艾比湖流域不同植物群落土壤呼吸研究[J].环境科学研究,2009(3):362-370.

张志山,谭会娟,王新平,等.沙漠人工植被区土壤呼吸初探[J].中国沙漠,2005(4):73-75.

朱宏,赵成义,李君,等.干旱区荒漠灌木林地土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6):856-860.

Hesp P A. The formation of shadow dunes[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1981, 51(1):140-144.

禹朴家,徐海量,王炜,等.沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸对人工降水的响应[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):437-441.

闫美芳,张新时,周广胜.不同树龄杨树(Populusbalsamifera)人工林的土壤呼吸空间异质性[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1378-1384.

严俊霞,李洪建,汤亿,等.小尺度范围内植被类型对土壤呼吸的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3121-3129.

陈书涛,胡正华,张勇,等.陆地生态系统土壤呼吸时空变异的影响因素研究进展[J].环境科学,2011,32(8):2184-2192.

浏览量

1187

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

西部黄土丘陵区不同草地土壤侵蚀对侵蚀性降雨的响应

1991—2023年陕西省榆林市降雨侵蚀力时空变化

嘉陵江典型小流域降雨特征对不同土地利用类型产流产沙的影响

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区降雨侵蚀力的时空分布与变化趋势

基于多源降水融合数据的江苏省降雨侵蚀力时空特征