黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林下植被及土壤系统演变特征

董生健; 何小谦

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.05.011

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黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林下植被及土壤系统演变特征

试验研究

- 黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林下植被及土壤系统演变特征
- Evolution of Undergrowth Vegetation and Soil Properties with Development of Artificial Robinia Pseudoacacia in Loess Hilly Region
- 水土保持通报 2016年36卷第5期页码：20-27
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 甘肃省定西市临洮农业学校, 甘肃监洮,550002
  2. 定西市农业科学院,甘肃,定西,730070
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  甘肃省中小型企业创新资助项目“野生濒危中药材羌活人工驯化繁殖示范研究”（1407GCCJ020）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.05.011
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2016
- 稿件说明：
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董生健, 何小谦. 黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林下植被及土壤系统演变特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(5):20-27.

DONG Shengjian, HE Xiaoqian. Evolution of Undergrowth Vegetation and Soil Properties with Development of Artificial Robinia Pseudoacacia in Loess Hilly Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(5): 20-27.
董生健, 何小谦. 黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林下植被及土壤系统演变特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(5):20-27. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.05.011.

DONG Shengjian, HE Xiaoqian. Evolution of Undergrowth Vegetation and Soil Properties with Development of Artificial Robinia Pseudoacacia in Loess Hilly Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(5): 20-27. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.05.011.

摘要

[目的] 研究黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林生长过程中土壤-植被系统演变特征，揭示刺槐林对草地生态系统恢复产生的生态效应。[方法] 以陕西省黄土地区5，10，15，20年生人工刺槐林为对象，通过调查每个样地的土壤性质和地表植被特征，分析黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林生长过程中土壤-地表植被的变化。[结果] 随着人工刺槐林的发育，刺槐的冠幅、树高、分枝数和基径显著增加（p<0.05），但20 a刺槐林有所降低；林下地表草本植物物种数目、盖度和高度均显著降低，林下地表草本植物密度在不同林龄之间差异不显著（p>0.05）；土壤电导率和容重呈先增加后降低趋势，土壤pH值在不同林龄之间差异不显著（p>0.05），土壤总孔隙度显著降低（p<0.05）；土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和有效磷含量显著增加（p<0.05），但20 a刺槐林有所降低，并且土壤全磷含量在不同林龄之间差异不显著（p>0.05）；不同林龄人工刺槐林土壤养分均表现出明显的“表聚性”，相同土层内土壤养分表现为15 a > 20 a > 10 a > 5 a，局部有所波动。相关分析表明，土壤养分含量和刺槐形态特征是影响地表植被物种数、个体数和盖度分布的主要因素。[结论] 黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林能够改善土壤养分含量和地表草本植被恢复，以15 a人工刺槐林改善土壤养分含量效果最佳，但随着林龄的增加，其改善效果有所降低，这种改善效果并没有影响土壤养分含量的垂直分布特征；随林龄的增加，人工刺槐林对地表草本植被的影响滞后于对土壤养分含量的影响。

Abstract

[Objective] To study the variation of undergrowth vegetation and soil properties during the growing process of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia in loess hilly region is of high significance to understanding the ecological impact of the plantations on the restoration of grassland ecosystem in loess hilly region.[Methods] We investigated the undergrowth vegetation and soil properties in 5

and 20 year artificial R. pseudoacacia in loess hilly region of Shaanxi Province

Northwest China

and analyzed the variations in undergrowth vegetation and soil properties during the growing process of the R. pseudoacacia.[Results] With the development of the plantations

the shrub crown width

height

sprout number

and basal diameter all increased significantly(p<0.05)

but decreased in the 20 a artificial R. pseudoacacia. The species number

coverage and height of undergrowth vegetation decreased significantly(p<0.05)

and the density of undergrowth vegetation had no significant differences among different development stages of artificial R. pseudoacacia. The soil conductivity and bulk density first increased and then decreased

soil pH had no significant differences among different development stages of artificial R. pseudoacacia

but the soil total porosity decreased significantly(p<0.05). The soil nutrients increased significantly(p<0.05)

while they deceased in 20 a artificial R. pseudoacacia

and the soil total phosphorus had no significant differences in different development stages. The soil total nutrients of artificial R. pseudoacacia in loess hilly region had an obvious phenomena of "surface accumulation"

which ordered 15 a > 20 a > 10 a > 5 a in the same soil layer with local fluctuation. Correlation analysis showed that the soil nutrients and morphological characteristics of R. pseudoacacia were the main factors affecting the species and individual number as well as the coverage of undergrowth vegetation.[Conclusion] It was suggested that in loess hilly region

the growing process of artificial R. pseudoacacia plantation is beneficial to the improvement of soil conditions and the recovery of undergrowth vegetation

and the 15 a artificial R. pseudoacacia produced the best effect in improving soil nutrient content. This effect decreased in 20 a artificial R. pseudoacaci

and did not changed the vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients. What is more

the influence on the undergrowth vegetation lagged behind its influence on soil nutrients.

关键词

Keywords

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