三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务评估

吴丹; 邵全琴; 刘纪远; 曹巍

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.03.035

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三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务评估

试验研究

- 三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务评估
- Assessment of Water Regulation Service of Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in Three-River Headwaters Region
- 水土保持通报 2016年36卷第3期页码：206-210
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏,南京,210042
  2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京,100101
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技支撑计划项目“国家生态系统观测评估技术系统集成研究与示范”（2013BAC03B00）;国家自然科学基金项目（4157011492）;青海省重大科技专项（2015-SF-A4-1）;中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目（KFJ-EW-STS-005-04）
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.03.035
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2016
- 稿件说明：
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吴丹, 邵全琴, 刘纪远, 等. 三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务评估[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(3):206-210.

WU Dan, SHAO Quanqin, LIU Jiyuan, et al. Assessment of Water Regulation Service of Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in Three-River Headwaters Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(3): 206-210.
吴丹, 邵全琴, 刘纪远, 等. 三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务评估[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016,36(3):206-210. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.03.035.

WU Dan, SHAO Quanqin, LIU Jiyuan, et al. Assessment of Water Regulation Service of Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in Three-River Headwaters Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2016, 36(3): 206-210. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2016.03.035.

摘要

［目的］分析青海省三江源地区生态工程实施前后生态系统水源涵养服务的变化情况，客观评估生态工程的效果。［方法］采用降水贮存量法估算三江源地区林草生态系统的水源涵养量。［结果］ 1997-2012年三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养服务在波动中有所提升，平均水源涵养量为1.54×10

/a，单位面积水源涵养量为430.67 m

/hm

。三江源生态保护与建设工程实施后（2005-2012年）林草生态系统年平均水源涵养量比前期（1997-2004年）增加了15.60%。从空间格局而言，三江源地区林草生态系统涵养水源能力自东南向西北逐渐递减。单位面积水源涵养量澜沧江流域最高，其次为黄河流域，长江流域最低。真实气候条件和平均气候状况下，生态工程实施后的区域林草生态系统水源涵养量均比前期高。前期主要受到区域气候变化的影响，后期则叠加了生态工程的驱动作用。两种情况下，生态工程实施后三江源地区林草生态系统水源涵养量的线性变化趋势分别为1.94×10

和4.64×10

/10 a。［结论］生态工程对三江源地区水源涵养服务提升的贡献率约为23.98%。

Abstract

[Objective] To analyze changes in ecosystem water regulation services before and after the implementation of ecological projects in the Three-River headwaters region

Qinghai Province

and to evaluate the ecological effect of these projects objectively.[Methods] This paper calculated the water regulation amount of forest and grassland ecosystems with rainfall storage capacity method.[Results] The water regulation services of forest and grassland ecosystems increased in fluctuations from 1997 to 2012

with the averaged value of 1.54×1010 m3/a within the region and 430.67 m3/hm2 per unit area. The regulated amount of water in the later period(2005-2012) increased by 15.60% than that in the earlier period(1997-2004). Spatially

water regulation service capacity gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. Water regulation amount per unit area of different basins in descending order was Lantsang River basin > Yellow River basin > Yangtze River basin. Water regulation amount after the implementation of ecological projects was higher than before under both real climate conditions and mean climate conditions. In the earlier period

the water regulation service was mainly affected by regional climate change. While in the later period

it was overlaid the effects of ecological projects. In these two conditions

the linear trend of water regulation amount from 2005 to 2012 was 1.94×109 m3/10 a and 4.64×108 m3/10 a

respectively.[Conclusion] Implementation of the ecological projects had certain positive effects on improvement of water regulation service

with a contribution rate of about 23.98%.

关键词

Keywords

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