拔节期水分亏缺对沙地农田玉米光合特性及物质积累的影响

陈其鲜; 杨琴; 任书生

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.04.018

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拔节期水分亏缺对沙地农田玉米光合特性及物质积累的影响

试验研究

- 拔节期水分亏缺对沙地农田玉米光合特性及物质积累的影响
- Responses of Photosynthesis Characteristic and Matter Accumulation of Maize to Water Deficit at Elongation Stage in a Sandy Farmland
- 水土保持通报 2015年35卷第4期页码：91-96
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃,兰州,730000
  2. 甘肃省农业科学研究院蔬菜所,甘肃,兰州,730000
  3. 甘肃省两当县农业技术推广服务中心,甘肃,陇南,742400
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目"干旱区绿洲化过程中土壤氮矿化演变特征及机制研究"(41201284);甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目(GSCS-2012-05)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.04.018
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2015
- 稿件说明：
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陈其鲜, 杨琴, 任书生. 拔节期水分亏缺对沙地农田玉米光合特性及物质积累的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(4):91-96.

CHEN Qixian, YANG Qin, REN Shusheng. Responses of Photosynthesis Characteristic and Matter Accumulation of Maize to Water Deficit at Elongation Stage in a Sandy Farmland[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(4): 91-96.
陈其鲜, 杨琴, 任书生. 拔节期水分亏缺对沙地农田玉米光合特性及物质积累的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(4):91-96. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.04.018.

CHEN Qixian, YANG Qin, REN Shusheng. Responses of Photosynthesis Characteristic and Matter Accumulation of Maize to Water Deficit at Elongation Stage in a Sandy Farmland[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(4): 91-96. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.04.018.

摘要

[目的

]

分析拔节期水分亏缺对玉米光合特性及物质分配规律的影响

为作物调亏灌溉技术在沙地农田的应用提供理论依据。[方法

]

在黑河流域中游边缘绿洲新垦沙地农田进行田间试验。[结果

]

(1) 玉米拔节期水分亏缺使新垦沙地农田0-40 cm土层土壤含水量显著降低

农田CO

浓度升高0.5%

相对湿度降低6%

玉米叶片温度升高了8%; (2) 水分亏缺处理玉米叶片净光合速率日均值比正常供水处理降低了74%;水蒸腾速率日均值比正常供水处理降低了79%; (3) 水分亏缺处理玉米茎、叶及根系生物量分别比正常供水处理低63%

47%和51%

总干物质积累量比正常供水处理减少了53%。[结论

]

在沙地农田

作物对土壤水分的反映较为敏感

小幅的土壤含水量降低即造成玉米光合能力的大幅下降

并最终对光合产物的积累和分配产生不利影响。

Abstract

[Objective] In order to provide the theoretical reference for the practice of deficient irrigation in sandy soil

the responses of photosynthesis characteristic and matter accumulation of maize to water deficit at the elongation stage was studied. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted in a newly reclaimed sandy farmland in middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. [Results] Compared with the SW(sufficient water supply)

deficient water supply(DW) at the elongation stage significantly decreased the soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layer of newly reclaimed sandy farmland

CO2 concentration increased 0.5%

relative humidity decrease 6%

and leaf temperature increase 8%. The net photosynthetic rate in DW was 74% lower than that in SW. The transpiration rate in DW was 79% lower than that in SW. The dry matters in stem

leaf

and root in maize in DW were 63%

47% and 51% lower than those in SD

and the total dry matter in DW was 53% lower than that in SW. [Conclusion] Crop was more sensitive to the fluctuation of soil moisture in sandy farmland

and slight decrease in soil moisture could cause substantial decrease of photosynthetic capacity

and thus could cause negative influence on matter accumulation and distribution in maize.

关键词

Keywords

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