孤山川流域1980s以来次降雨-产流-产沙变化

罗娅; 杨胜天; 刘晓燕; 周旭; 金双彦; 张亦弛; 陈珂

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.03.012

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孤山川流域1980s以来次降雨-产流-产沙变化

试验研究

- 孤山川流域1980s以来次降雨-产流-产沙变化
- Variations of Rainfall, Runoff and Sediment Yield in Gushanchuan River Basin Since 1980s
- 水土保持通报 2015年35卷第3期页码：23-29
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 遥感科学国家重点实验室, 环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室,北京,100875
  2. 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州,贵阳,550001
  3. 黄河水利委员会,河南,郑州,450003
  4. 西华师范大学国土资源学院,四川,南充,637009
  5. 黄河水利委员会水文局,河南,郑州,450004
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"黄河中游产沙环境演变及其水沙调控效应分析"(2012BAB02B05-05);水利部公益项目"中印东段争议区生态资源遥感监测与评价研究"(201101037);中央高校基本科研业务费专项联合资助
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.03.012
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2015
- 稿件说明：
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罗娅, 杨胜天, 刘晓燕, 等. 孤山川流域1980s以来次降雨-产流-产沙变化[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(3):23-29.

LUO Ya, YANG Shengtian, LIU Xiaoyan, et al. Variations of Rainfall, Runoff and Sediment Yield in Gushanchuan River Basin Since 1980s[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(3): 23-29.
罗娅, 杨胜天, 刘晓燕, 等. 孤山川流域1980s以来次降雨-产流-产沙变化[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(3):23-29. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.03.012.

LUO Ya, YANG Shengtian, LIU Xiaoyan, et al. Variations of Rainfall, Runoff and Sediment Yield in Gushanchuan River Basin Since 1980s[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(3): 23-29. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.03.012.

摘要

[目的] 研究入黄支流降雨-径流-产沙变化规律

揭示黄河水沙变化成因。[方法] 获取孤山川流域1985-2010年115场降雨事件数据

运用径流系数、产沙系数和弹性系数指标

分析孤山川流域近30年降雨-产流-产沙变化。[结果] (1) 与1980s相比

1990s的降雨多为短历时、弱雨强类型

2000s的降雨多为长历时、中雨强类型;2000s的降雨-产流能力和降雨-产沙能力减小最为突出

其平均径流系数、平均产沙系数分别约为1980s的50%和23%。(2) 1980s-1990s降雨-产流弹性系数和降雨-产沙弹性系数分别为0.13

4.21;1980s-2000s降雨-产流弹性系数和降雨-产沙弹性系数分别为1.73

6.19。(3) 径流系数与林草面积比、植被盖度、梯田面积比和骨干坝控制面积比的相关系数分别为-0.662 3

-0.911 4

-0.801 0和-0.821 4

产沙系数与林草面积比、植被盖度、梯田面积比和骨干坝控制面积比的相关系数分别为-0.887 7

-0.998 5

-0.962 9和-0.971 7。[结论] 1980s以来

孤山川流域的降雨-产流能力和降雨-产沙能力发生明显变化

尤其2000年后的变化最为突出;降雨-产沙能力比降雨-产流能力对雨强变化更为敏感;植被盖度变化是下垫面因素中影响孤山川流域产流产沙能力变化的主要原因。

Abstract

[Objective] To research the rainfall-runoff-sediment change in the tributary of the Yellow river for revealing the causes of Yellow River's water and sediment variation. [Methods] Based on the data of 115 rainfall events during 1985-2010 in Gushanchuan river basin

the temporal variations of rainfall-runoff-sediment relationships was analyzed by using the runoff coefficient

sediment coefficient and elasticity coefficient. [Results] (1) The short-duration

low-intensity and long-duration

moderate-intensity rainfall events were the primary types in 1990s and 2000s compared to 1980s

respectively. Specially

the capacities of rainfall producing runoff and sediment reduced obviously in 2000s

the runoff coefficient and sediment coefficient in 2000s were accounting for about 50% and 23% of that in 1980s. (2) The rainfall-runoff elasticity coefficient and rainfall-sediment elasticity coefficient were 0.13 and 4.21 during the period from 1980s to 1990s

and were 1.73 and 6.19 during the period from 1980s to 2000s

respectively. (3) The correlation between runoff coefficient and the proportion of forest and grass

vegetation coverage

proportion of terrace

proportion of key dam controlling area was -0.662 3

-0.911 4

-0.801 0

-0.821 4

respectively

meanwhile

the correlation between sediment coefficient and the proportion of forest and grass

vegetation coverage

proportion of terrace

proportion of key dam controlling area was -0.887 7

-0.998 5

-0.962 9

-0.971 7

respectively. [Conclusion] The rainfall-runoff-sediment relationship has been changed significantly since 1980s

especially after the year 2000

the influence of rainfall intensity on capacity of rainfall producing sediment is more sensitive than that on capacity of rainfall producing runoff

and the vegetation coverage variation is the major factor which affects the capacities of rainfall producing runoff and sediment in Gushanchuan river basin.

关键词

Keywords

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