矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响

李智兰

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.02.004

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矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响

试验研究

- 矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响
- Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbe Quantity in Reclaimed Soil in Mining Area
- 水土保持通报 2015年35卷第2期页码：6-13
- 作者机构：
  
  山西省水利水电勘测设计研究院,山西,太原,030024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学青年基金项目"典型煤矿区煤矸石自燃源多环芳烃的形成机制与释放模式"(41103052)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.02.004
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2015
- 稿件说明：
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李智兰. 矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(2):6-13.

LI Zhilan. Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbe Quantity in Reclaimed Soil in Mining Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(2): 6-13.
李智兰. 矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015,35(2):6-13. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.02.004.

LI Zhilan. Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbe Quantity in Reclaimed Soil in Mining Area[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2015, 35(2): 6-13. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.02.004.

摘要

[目的] 研究矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物的影响

并揭示其时空演变规律。[方法] 以安徽省庐江钒矿区碳质页岩风化物区域的复垦土壤为对象

采用野外调查和室内分析的方法

对矿区复垦下的土壤养分、酶活性及微生物数量展开调查。[结果] 随着复垦年限的增加

土壤电导率、含水量和全盐含量均明显增加

土壤容重、pH值和总孔隙度则明显降低;随着复垦年限的增加

土壤全钾和有效钾含量均降低

有机质、全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮增加

而全磷和有效磷并没有明显的变化趋势

其中土壤微生物量的变化幅度最大

对复垦的响应最为敏感;随着复垦年限的增加

矿区土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和微生物数量均有所增加

但其增加幅度逐渐减小

细菌数量处于绝对优势地位

占到微生物总数的99.3%以上;随着土层深度的增加

土壤酶活性、微生物数量和土壤养分均呈降低趋势

表现出明显的"表聚性"

同层相比

基本呈现出:60 a >40 a >20 a >5 a规律

局部有所波动。[结论] 矿区复垦能够改善土壤质量和土壤肥力;矿区复垦过程中通过影响土壤微生物活动和代谢进而影响土壤养分及酶活性

同时土壤微生物与养分和酶活性等地下生态指标之间在复垦过程中具有统一性。

Abstract

[Objective] This paper aimed to illustrate the spatial-temporal change of soil nutrients

enzyme activity and microbe quantity when mined area was reclaimed.[Methods] Through collecting samples at different depths in soil with different reclaimed age in Lujiang mined area

soil nutrients

enzyme activity and microbe quantity were measured and soil physical-chemical indexes were investigated.[Results] The statistical analysis revealed that as reclamation years increased

the soil pH value

soil bulk density and total porosity reduced gradually and the soil electrical conductivity

moisture content and total salt increased gradually. Meanwhile

the total potassium and effective potassium content reduced

and organic matter

total nitrogen

alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen

microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased gradually

while P had no obvious trend. Microbial biomass was most sensitive to mine reclamation with the largest variation. Soil urease

sucrase

dehydrogenase

alkaline phosphatase activity and microbe quantity increased with the increasing of reclamation years. In the mine soil

bacteria were predominant(more than 99.3% in amount)

actinomyces ranked next

and fungi amount was the least among the three communities of soil microbes. With the increasing of depth

soil nutrients

enzyme activity and microbe quantity declined gradually

which implied that they had the "surface accumulation". At the same soil layer with different reclamation years

soil nutrients

enzyme activity and microbe quantity largely ranked as:60 a>40 a>20 a>5 a

though local fluctuation existed.[Conclusion] Mine reclamation could improve soil quality and soil fertility

and the soil microbial metabolism. The later could influence the soil nutrient and enzyme activity in the mine soil

which suggested that all the factors in soil system were in a dynamic change and in balance. They have two traits

one of the trait is that they interacte and influence each other as a combined unity

and the other one is that they behaved dynamically balanced. The two traits imply that have the uniformity and synchronicity in soil.

关键词

Keywords

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