晋西苹果与大豆间作系统土壤养分分布特征

廖文超; 毕华兴; 高路博; 许华森; 常译方

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2014.03.050

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晋西苹果与大豆间作系统土壤养分分布特征

试验研究

- 晋西苹果与大豆间作系统土壤养分分布特征
- Soil Nutrients Distribution in Intercropping System of Apple and Soybean on West Shanxi Loess Plateau
- 水土保持通报 2014年33卷第3期页码：252-256
- 作者机构：
  
  北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"高效可持续农林复合系统构建及调控技术研究"(2011BAD38B02)
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2014.03.050
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2014
- 稿件说明：
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廖文超, 毕华兴, 高路博, 等. 晋西苹果与大豆间作系统土壤养分分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014,33(3):252-256.

LIAO Wen-chao, BI Hua-xing, GAO Lu-bo, et al. Soil Nutrients Distribution in Intercropping System of Apple and Soybean on West Shanxi Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2014, 33(3): 252-256.
廖文超, 毕华兴, 高路博, 等. 晋西苹果与大豆间作系统土壤养分分布特征[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014,33(3):252-256. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2014.03.050.

LIAO Wen-chao, BI Hua-xing, GAO Lu-bo, et al. Soil Nutrients Distribution in Intercropping System of Apple and Soybean on West Shanxi Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2014, 33(3): 252-256. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2014.03.050.

摘要

为了研究晋西黄土区果农间作系统中土壤养分分布特征

选取研究区具有典型代表性的4

6和8年生苹果(Malus pumila)+大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究对象

对间作系统土壤养分(速效钾、速效磷、有机质、全氮)含量进行了定位、定量监测。结果表明: (1) 在垂直方向上

不同树龄苹果+大豆间作系统速效钾、速效磷和有机质含量均随着土层深度增加而减少

而全氮含量表现为先增加再减少; (2) 在水平方向上

随着距树行距离的增加

4年生间作系统与6年生间作系统土壤养分总体上呈现"W"型分布

而在8年生间作系统中呈现"M"型分布(全氮除外)

极值分别出现在距树行1.5

2.5

3.5 m处

且极大值点养分含量与极小值点含量有显著差异(p<0.05); (3) 随着树龄增长

果树与农作物的养分竞争关系逐渐发生变化

且在8年生间作系统中养分竞争最激烈。基于间作系统土壤养分特征

建议在田间施肥管理时

应以施氮肥为主

且随着树龄的增长应该适时增大复合界面的距离或停止复合经营。

Abstract

In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in fruit+crop intercropping system

Malus pumila+Glycine max intercropping pattern

typical and representative in the loess region of West Shanxi Province

was studied and soil nutrients in the intercropping system of different ages were monitored separately for comparison. Results showed that:(1) In vertical direction

with the increasing soil depth

available K

available P and organic matters decreased

while total N increased at first and then decreased.(2) In horizontal direction

with the increase in the distance from tree row

soil nutrient contents in 4-year-old intercropping system and 6-year-old intercropping system showed a "W" type distribution

while the 8-year-old intercropping system had a "M" type distribution(except total N). Coincidently

all the extreme values appeared in the distances of 1.5

2.5 and 3.5 m from tree row

and soil nutrient contents at the maximum points were significantly different from those at the minimum points(p<0.05).(3) Nutrients competition relations between fruit trees and crops changed gradually with the growth of the trees

and the competition of soil nutrients in the 8-year-old intercropping system was fiercest. In accordance with the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in intercropping systems

nitrogen fertilizer should be the main fertilization

the distance of fruit tree and crops should be increased or planting crops in 8-year-old apple orchard should be prohibited.

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references

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