There are three stages in the stabilization process of sand dunes

namely mobility

semi-fixed and fixed. Agriophyllum squarrosum

Artemisia halodendron and Cleistogenes squarrosa are the dominant species of communities on mobile sand dunes

semi-fixed sand dunes and fixed sand dunes

respectively. Main adaptive characteristics of Agriophyllum squarrosum include flat-shaped seeds and rapid growth of embryo roots after germination. The vigorous growth of Artemisia halodendron in semi-fixed sand dunes is promoted by positive growth reaction to sand burial promoting growth

rapid reaction to changed soil water conditions and perennial growth. Cleistogenes squarrosa is adapted to the arid conditions of stabilized sand dunes due to its (ability) to increasing root biomass.