As a case study，the grey linear programming method has been used to analyze the land use structure optimization in Shangluo City in Shaanxi Province． It shows that farmland will still be the main land use type in the next 10 years in this area． The multiple-purposed land use and forestry mixed with cultivation should be promoted，considering multidimensional ecosystem construction and soil，water and wetland conservation． In the process of land use structure optimization，the economic，social and ecological effects of the land use should be emphasized comprehensively with the guarantee of long-term benefits and sustainable development of this area． Scenario analysis method is proved to be a feasible and effective method in land use structure optimization．