The Changjiang river basin is one of the regions suffering from the most severe soil erosion in China. The properties，status，distribution and its potential risks in Changjiang river basin are expounded. Soil erosion brings about many-sided harm to environment，land resources and hinders the development of hydrological works. The relationship of soil-water conservation with the sustainable development，agriculture，forestry，animal husbandry，preventing drought-flood disasters and the Three Gorges project have been interpreted. Finally，the strategy and countermeasures against soil-water TOSS alld protecting sustainable development going beyond the centuries in the Changjiang river basin have been suggested.