Occurrence and damages of mountain hazards

such as torrent

landslides and debris flow

have close relation to human activities in mountain area. Most of mountain hazards widely dispersed over China are of small scale scattering over 31 provinical administrative districts. The experience in Alps and southwest mountains of China shows that small scale hazards were controlled successfully by small scale civil engineerings

with their advantages of simple construction

a little budget and great effectiveness in controlling hazards. For these engineerings

local materials and cheap labour are usually available. In addition

they can be combined with bio-engineering easily. In 1995—1997

small scale civil engineerings were used to cotrol small landslides

debris flow gullies and torrent gullies successfully in the southwestern mountains. The problems concerned in the application to all mountains in China are related to the support of the government

a good design handbook

train for young engineers and combination between the hazards control and economy development in mountain area.