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1.宁夏大学 生态环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
2.西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点;实验室, 宁夏 银川 750021
3.西部土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 宁夏 银川 750021
Received:05 May 2025,
Revised:2025-08-11,
Published:10 December 2025
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潘鑫, 周跃辉, 张俊华, 等.青铜峡灌区不同改良措施下盐碱化土壤理化性质及微生物群落的变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):108-120.
Pan Xin, Zhou Yuehui, Zhang Junhua, et al. Variation characteristics of physicochemical properties and microbial communities of saline-alkali soil under different amendment measures in Qingtongxia irrigation area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):108-120.
潘鑫, 周跃辉, 张俊华, 等.青铜峡灌区不同改良措施下盐碱化土壤理化性质及微生物群落的变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(6):108-120. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.019. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.019.
Pan Xin, Zhou Yuehui, Zhang Junhua, et al. Variation characteristics of physicochemical properties and microbial communities of saline-alkali soil under different amendment measures in Qingtongxia irrigation area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(6):108-120. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.06.019. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.06.019.
目的
2
分析不同改良措施对宁夏青铜峡灌区盐碱化土壤水盐、有机质、养分及微生物群落的影响,为该区域盐碱地改良提供重要依据,进一步促进粮食安全、提升土地资源利用效率和农业可持续发展。
方法
2
在宁夏青铜峡灌区开展盐碱地土壤改良田间试验,设置9个试验处理,主要处理类型包括添加有机无机物料、微生物菌剂以及不同耕作措施。
结果
2
①除了T
9
(玉米根系距滴灌带70 cm的处理),其他处理0—40 cm土层内土壤含水量均显著增加,其中T
5
(覆膜)增幅最大,其表层土壤含水率较对照(不施改良物料+不覆膜+不深翻)增加35.59%。各处理0—40 cm土层内pH值和全盐含量普遍下降,其中T
3
(磷石膏+天然腐殖质+硝基腐殖酸)和T
5
的pH值和含盐量降幅最大,pH值降低0.27~0.37,含盐量下降27.36%~41.82%。 ②在0—20 cm土层中,除了T
9
,其他处理土壤有机质和养分较对照显著增加,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的增幅分别为3.13%~20.66%,3.50%~127.50%,5.05%~115.06%和5.06%~105.86%,其中T
3
处理增幅最显著。 ③土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性显著增加,T
3
与T
5
处理显著增加了细菌优势菌属中的
Microbulbifer
和
Pseudomonas
以及真菌优势菌属中
Mycena
的相对丰度。所有处理中细菌的功能基因主要表现为氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢与能量代谢;主要真菌类型为腐生型、共生型和致病型,T
5
与T
7
(深翻+覆膜)土壤中共生型有益菌的丰度较高。
结论
2
覆膜结合有机无机物料能显著降低土壤pH值和全盐含量,增加有机质和养分含量,提高微生物丰富度和多样性,对青铜峡灌区盐碱地改良效果显著。
Objective
2
The effects of different amendment measures on soil water and salt content, organic matter, nutrients, and microbial communities in saline-alkali soil of the Qingtongxia irrigation area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were analyzed, in order to provide scientific support for improving saline-alkali land in this area, thereby further to promote food security, improve land resource use efficiency, and facilitate sustainable agricultural development.
Methods
2
A field experiment on saline-alkali soil improvement was conducted in the Qingtongxia irrigation area, with nine treatments established. The main treatment types included the addition of organic and inorganic materials, microbial inoculants, and different tillage practices.
Results
2
① Except for T
9
(where maize roots were 70 cm from the drip
irrigation belt), soil water content in the 0—40 cm soil layer significantly increased under the other treatments. Among these, T
5
(film mulching) showed the greatest increase, with its surface soil water content increasing by 35.59% compared with the control T
1
(no amendment application, no mulching, and no deep ploughing). The pH value and total salt content in the 0—40 cm soil layer generally decreased across all treatments. The greatest reductions were observed in T
3
(phosphogypsum + natural humus + nitrohumic acid) and T
5
, with pH value decreasing by 0.27—0.37 and salt content decreasing by 27.36%—41.82%. ② In the 0—20 cm soil layer, all treatments except T
9
significantly increased soil organic matter and nutrients compared to the control. The increases in organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 3.13%—20.66%, 3.50%—127.50%, 5.05%—115.06%, and 5.06%—105.86%, respectively. T
3
showed the most significant increase. ③ The richness and diversity of the soil microbial communities significantly increased. T
3
and T
5
treatments notably increased the relative abundances of dominant bacterial genera
Microbulbifer
and
Pseudomonas
, as well as the dominant fungal genus
Mycena
. In all treatments, bacterial functional genes were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. The major fungal types were saprotrophic, symbiotic, and pathogenic. Soil under T
5
and T
7
(deep plowing + film mulching) had a higher abundance of beneficial symbiotic fungi.
Conclusion
2
The combination of film mulching with organic and inorganic amendments can significantly reduce soil pH value and total salt content, increase organic matter and nutrient content, and enhance microbial richness and diversity, demonstrating significant effectiveness in improving saline-alkali soil in the Qingtongxia irrigation area.
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