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1.北京师范大学 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
2.北京师范大学 水科学研究院, 北京 100875
3.北京市水生态保护与水土保持中心, 北京 101117
Received:20 April 2025,
Revised:2025-06-28,
Published:10 October 2025
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熊恒逸, 符素华, 魏欣, 等.北方土石山区板栗林土壤退化特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):124-134.
Xiong Hengyi, Fu Suhua, Wei Xin, et al. Soil degradation under chestnut forest at earth-rocky mountainous area in northern China [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):124-134.
熊恒逸, 符素华, 魏欣, 等.北方土石山区板栗林土壤退化特征[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):124-134. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.027. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.05.027..
Xiong Hengyi, Fu Suhua, Wei Xin, et al. Soil degradation under chestnut forest at earth-rocky mountainous area in northern China [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):124-134. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.027. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.05.027..
目的
2
对北方土石山区板栗林的土壤侵蚀及土壤质量进行定量分析,评估该区板栗林下土壤退化情况,为北方土石山区经济林下水土保持研究和治理提供理论依据。
方法
2
于2022—2024年,对北京密云朱家湾和怀柔八道河两个流域内板栗林及其周边灌木林下土壤的土壤侵蚀模数、土壤颗粒级配、有机质、全氮等12个指标进行调查,分析土壤肥力、土壤粗化程度和侵蚀强度,并通过主成分分析(PCA)评估土壤质量指数(SQI)。
结果
2
①未采取措施的板栗林的年平均土壤侵蚀模数是灌木林的8.3倍,2023—2024年,汛期后板栗林下的细沟侵蚀模数均超过了13 000 t/km
2
,林下侵蚀非常强烈; ②板栗林表层1 cm土壤的粗砂(0.5~2 mm)含量约为相邻灌木林的1.3倍,呈现土壤粗化的趋势; ③板栗林土壤中有机质、全氮和碱解氮的平均值不到相邻灌木林的1/4,速效钾的平均值约为相邻灌木林的1/2,有效磷和缓效钾存在富集现象; ④板栗林的SQI值显著低于灌木林(
p
=0.025
<
0.05)。
结论
2
北方土石山区板栗林下的土壤存在侵蚀强烈、土壤粗化和肥力流失的问题,其土壤质量比周边灌木林下的土壤质量差,需要实施科学的土地治理措施。
Objective
2
The soil erosion and quality under chestnut forests were quantitatively analyzed at earth-rocky mountainous area in northern China to provide a theoretical basis for studying, managing, and conserving the soil and water in economic forests in mountainous area with rocky soil in northern China.
Methods
2
Twelve soil parameters, such as soil erosion modulus, soil particle size distribution, organic matter, and total nitrogen, were measured for chestnut forests and the surrounding shrub forests in the Zhujiawan (Miyun District) and Badaohe (Huairou District) watersheds in Beijing City from 2022 to 2024. The soil fertility, soil coarsening degree, and erosion intensity were analyzed, and the soil quality index (SQI) was evaluated using principal component analysis.
Results
2
① The annual average soil erosion modulus of the chestnut forest was 8.3 times higher than that of the shrub forest. The rill erosion modulus of the chestnut forest after flood
season was more than 13 000 t /km
2
, and the understory erosion was intense from 2023 to 2024. ② The coarse sand (0.5—2 mm) content in the 1 cm soil of the surface was approximately 1.3 times higher on average in the chestnut forest than in the shrub forest, indicating the soil was coarser in the chestnut forest. ③ The average organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents in the soil of chestnut forest were less than one-quarter of those in the adjacent shrubland. The available potassium content in the chestnut forest soil was approximately half of that in the adjacent shrubland. The available phosphorus and low-availability potassium contents showed enrichment phenomenon in the chestnut forest soil. ④ The SQI of the chestnut forest was significantly lower than that of shrubland (
p
=0.025
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
The soil in chestnut forests at earth-rocky mountainous area in northern China was experiencing severe erosion, soil coarsening, and nutrient loss; the quality of this soil was lower than that of the soil in the surrounding shrub forests. Scientific land management measures need to be implemented to increase the quality of this soil.
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