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1.内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018
2.中国水利水电科学研究院 内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学;观测研究站, 北京100038
3.水利部 牧区水利科学研究所, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020
Received:07 April 2025,
Revised:2025-06-10,
Published:10 October 2025
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尚佳佳, 杨光, 郑路, 等.人为干扰方式对希拉穆仁草原土壤-草地系统健康的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):53-62.
Shang Jiajia, Yang Guang, Zheng Lu, et al. Impact of various human disturbances on healthiness of soil and grassland system in Xilamuren grassland [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):53-62.
尚佳佳, 杨光, 郑路, 等.人为干扰方式对希拉穆仁草原土壤-草地系统健康的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):53-62. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.015. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.015..
Shang Jiajia, Yang Guang, Zheng Lu, et al. Impact of various human disturbances on healthiness of soil and grassland system in Xilamuren grassland [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):53-62. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.015. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.015..
目的
2
定量评估不同人为干扰方式对土壤-草地系统健康的影响,为草原生态恢复、管理措施的制定及可持续利用提供科学依据。
方法
2
以内蒙古希拉穆仁草原为研究对象,对比分析围封、放牧、垦殖和旅游4种干扰方式下草地土壤理化性质与植被特征,采用灰色关联分析与模糊综合评价法评估系统健康状态。
结果
2
①砾石及沙粒百分比含量均为旅游区最大,分别为14.98%和67.79%,围封区最小,分别为9.02%,55.38%;围封区黏粒(15.45%)和粉粒(20.13%)含量最高,旅游区最低(分别为7.21%和10.02%)且容重最大(1.61 g/cm³),但土壤含水量与饱和持水量在不同土层均无显著差异。 ②土壤有机质及全氮含量围封区最高(12.98 g/kg,0.73 g/kg),旅游区最低(8.23 g/kg,0.46 g/kg);全磷、全钾平均含量均表现为:垦殖
>
围封
>
放牧
>
旅游,垦殖区速效磷含量较旅游区高出9.08 mg/kg,围封区速效钾含量268 mg/kg显著高于其他样地。 ③草地总生物量表现为:围封342.67 g/m
2
>
垦殖155.29 g/m
2
>
放牧112.93 g/m
2
>
旅游43.51 g/m
2
。 ④不同人为干扰下的土壤质量及草地综合健康大小顺序均为:围封区
>
垦殖区
>
放牧区
>
旅游区。
结论
2
不同人为干扰下的土壤理化性质及生物量均具有显著性差异。围封区的土壤质量以及草地健康状况最好,旅游区最差,垦殖及其放牧也均降低了土壤质量以及草地综合健康。
Objective
2
The impact of different human disturbances on the health of a soil-grassland system was evaluated quantitatively to provide a scientific basis for grassland ecological restoration, formulation of management measures, and sustainable utilization.
Methods
2
Using the grassland of Xilamuren in Inner Mongolia as the research object, we compared and analyzed the physicochemical properties and vegetation characteristics of the grassland soil under the four types of disturbance methods, namely enclosure, grazing, reclamation and tourism, and used grey correlation analysis and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess the system health status.
Results
2
① The percentage contents of gravel and sand were highest in the tourist area (14.98% and 67.79%, respectively) and lowest in the enclosure area (9.02% and
55.38%, respectively). The highest percentages of clay (15.45%) and silt (20.13%) were found in the enclosure zones, whereas the lowest values (7.21% and 10.02 %, respectively) were found in the tourism zones. The highest soil bulk density (1.61 g/cm
3
) was also found in tourism zones. No significant differences were detected in the soil moisture and saturated water-holding capacity within the soil layers of the sampling sites. ② The highest soil organic matter (12.98 g/kg) and total nitrogen (0.73 g/kg) were observed in enclosure zones, whereas the lowest (8.23 g/kg and 0.46 g/kg) values were found in tourism zones. The total phosphorus and potassium levels among the different human disturbances were ranked as follows: reclamation
>
enclosure
>
grazing
>
tourism. Furthermore, 9.08 mg/kg more available phosphorus in reclaimed areas was higher than in tourism zones, whereas the content of available potassium (268 mg/kg) in the enclosure zones was significantly higher than that in other sites. ③ Total plant biomass of sampling site was ranked as enclosure (342.67 g/m
2
)
>
reclamation (155.29 g/m
2
>
grazing (112.93 g/m
2
)
>
tourism (43.51 g/m
2
). ④ Soil quality and grassland health were ranked as follows: enclosure
>
reclamation
>
grazing
>
tourism.
Conclusion
2
Significant differences in the soil physicochemical properties and plant biomass were observed under different human disturbance. Enclosure zones demonstrated the best soil quality and grassland health, whereas tourism zones showed the worst conditions. Both reclamation and grazing negatively affected soil quality and grassland health.
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