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1.广西壮族自治区森林资源与生态环境监测中心, 广西 南宁 530028
2.广西大瑶山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 广西 来宾 545700
3.来宾金秀大瑶山森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西 来宾 545700
Received:23 April 2025,
Revised:2025-06-02,
Published:10 October 2025
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罗蔚生, 唐秋月, 蔡会德, 等.广西大瑶山森林土壤养分随海拔梯度的变化[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):91-102.
Luo Weisheng, Tang Qiuyue, Cai Huide, et al. Variation of forest soil nutrients with altitude gradient in Dayao Mountains of Guangxi [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):91-102.
罗蔚生, 唐秋月, 蔡会德, 等.广西大瑶山森林土壤养分随海拔梯度的变化[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):91-102. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.009. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.009..
Luo Weisheng, Tang Qiuyue, Cai Huide, et al. Variation of forest soil nutrients with altitude gradient in Dayao Mountains of Guangxi [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):91-102. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.009. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.009..
目的
2
分析广西大瑶山森林土壤养分随海拔梯度的变化规律及各因子之间的相关性,为亚热带山地森林群落分布格局和森林水文机制研究提供科学指导。
方法
2
采用单因素方差分析、多重比较等方法对大瑶山不同海拔梯度的表层土壤(0—10 cm,10—20 cm)养分进行分析。
结果
2
①大瑶山森林土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度表现出明显的空间异质性变化规律。土壤最大持水量、有机质、全氮及水解氮含量随海拔升高呈波动性递增趋势,变异系数均超过40%,显示强空间变异特征;而土壤容重与pH值则随海拔梯度上升呈波动性下降趋势,全磷、全钾含量在海拔梯度上未表现出显著差异。 ②在垂直剖面上,0—10 cm土壤层有机质、全氮及水解氮含量较10—20 cm土壤层分别高出65.21%,57.07%和55.24%,呈现典型的“表聚性”特征。 ③相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质与容重、全氮、水解氮等指标均呈极显著相关性(
p
<
0.01),表明有机质通过降低土壤紧实度、增强胶体吸附及微生物矿化作用提升团聚体稳定性与养分有效性,可有效改良土壤结构和促进物质循环。
结论
2
大瑶山森林土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度呈现显著的空间异质性特征,有机质、全氮及水解氮含量沿海拔梯度显著增加(变异系数>40%),在0—10 cm土壤层较10—20 cm土壤层均高出50%以上,呈典型“表聚性”。有机质与容重、氮素等指标显著相关,表明其通过改善土壤结构可有效促进土壤养分循环。
Objective
2
The variation pattern of soil nutrients along the altitude gradient and the correlation between various factors in Dayao Mounatins of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were analyzed in order to provide scientific guidance for study of the distribution pattern of subtropical montane forest communities and forest hydrological mechanisms.
Methods
2
The nutrients of the surface soils (0—10 cm and 10—20 cm) at different altitude gradients in Dayao Mountain were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons.
Results
2
① The physical and chemical properties of forest soils in Dayao Mountain showed significant spatial heterogeneity along the altitude gradient. The maximum water holding capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and hydrolyzed nitrogen content of the soil showed a fluctuating increasing trend with altitude, with their coefficients of variation all exceeding 40%, indicating pronounced spatial heterogeneity. The soil bulk density and pH value showed a fluctuating decreasing trend along the altitude gradient, while the total phosphorus and total potassium contents showed no significant difference along the altitude gradient. ② In the vertical profile, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents in the 0—10 cm soil layer were 65.21%, 57.07%, and 55.24% higher than those in the 10—20 cm soil layer, respectively, showing a typical “surface accumulation” pattern. ③ Correlation analysis showed highly significant correlations (
p
<
0.01) between soil organic matter and indicators such as soil bulk density, total nitrogen, and hydrolyzed nitrogen, suggesting that soil organic matter can effectively improve soil structure and promoting material cycling by reducing soil compactness, enhancing colloid adsorption, and stimulating microbial mineralization, thereby improving aggregate stability and nutrient availability.
Conclusion
2
The physical and chemical properties of forest soils in Dayao Mountain show significant spatial heterogeneity along the altitude gradient. Organic matter, total nitrogen, and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents increase significantly along the altitude gradient (the coefficient of variation >40%), and are more than 50% higher in the 0—10 cm soil layer than in the 10—20 cm soil layer, showing a typical “surface accumulation” pattern. Organic matter is significantly correlated with bulk density, nitrogen, and other soil indicators, indicating that it can effectively promote soil nutrient cycling by improving soil structure.
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