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1.河南科技大学 园艺与植物保护学院, 河南 洛阳 471000
2.黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区;管理局, 黑龙江 呼中 165036
3.中国科学院 植物研究所 植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
Received:21 March 2025,
Revised:2025-05-14,
Published:10 October 2025
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黄敏, 高明亮, 李格炜, 等.大兴安岭多年冻土区森林凋落物分解动态及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):103-110.
Huang Min, Gao Mingliang, Li Gewei, et al. Dynamic and influencing factors of forest litter decomposition in permafrost region of Great Xing’an Mountains [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):103-110.
黄敏, 高明亮, 李格炜, 等.大兴安岭多年冻土区森林凋落物分解动态及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):103-110. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.003. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.003..
Huang Min, Gao Mingliang, Li Gewei, et al. Dynamic and influencing factors of forest litter decomposition in permafrost region of Great Xing’an Mountains [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):103-110. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.003. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.05.003..
目的
2
探究大兴安岭多年冻土区优势树种兴安落叶松(
Larix gmelinii
)和伴生种白桦(
Betula platyphylla
)凋落叶的分解动态特征及其影响因素,为冻土退化背景下森林生态系统稳定性维持、碳汇功能提升及适应性管理策略的制定提供科学依据。
方法
2
采用凋落物分解袋法,设置兴安落叶松、白桦及其混合(3∶1比例)3种处理类型,通过为期2 a的原位分解试验,系统分析凋落物质量损失动态变化特征及其与碳氮含量的关系,结合Olson指数模型计算凋落物分解半衰期和完全分解所需时间。
结果
2
①凋落物在两年分解期内质量损失依次为:阔叶(23.53%)
>
针阔混合(16.41%)
>
针叶(14.47%),其中第1年占总分解量的65.11%~66.80%;针阔混合凋落物失重率的观测值仅在分解第1年显著高于预期值,表现出协同效应。 ②阔叶和针阔混合凋落物失重率与氮含量呈极显著正相关,与碳氮比呈极显著负相关,而针叶失重率与氮含量及碳氮比无显著相关性。 ③Olson指数模型可有效描述凋落物分解过程(
R²
>
0.89),分解半衰期和完全分解所需时间阔叶最短(5.45和23.55 a),其次是针阔混合(9.32和40.27 a),针叶分解最慢(11.55和49.93 a)。
结论
2
大兴安岭多年冻土区阔叶凋落物分解快,主要与其氮含量高且碳氮比低有关,其完全分解需要20 a以上,而针叶与针阔混合凋落物需要40 a以上,针阔混合凋落物仅在分解第1年表现出协同效应。凋落物分解的缓慢过程对维持冻土—植被互馈系统的碳氮平衡及提升寒区生态屏障功能具有重要作用。
Objective
2
This study investigated the litter decomposition dynamics and their influencing factors of the dominant species,
Larix gmelinii,
and its associated species,
Betula platyphylla,
in the permafrost region of the Great Xing’an mountains, in order to provide scientific insights for maintaining forest ecosystem stability, enhancing carbon sequestration capacity, and formulating adaptive management strategies under permafrost degradation.
Methods
2
A litterbag experiment was conducted using three treatments of
L. gmelinii
litter (needleleaf),
B. platyphylla
litter (broadleaf), and a combined litter (3∶1 ratio). Over a two-year in-situ decomposition period, litter mass loss dynamics and their relatio
nships with C and N content were systematically analyzed. The Olson exponential model was used to calculate the times required for 50% and 95% litter decomposition.
Results
2
① The litter mass loss over the two-year decomposition period was fastest for broadleaf litter (23.53%), followed by the mixed litter (16.41%), and slowest in the needleleaf litter (14.47%), with 65.11%—66.80% of the total mass loss occurring during the first year. The measured mass-loss rates of the mixed litter were significantly higher than predicted in the first year of decomposition, indicating a synergistic effect. ② Broadleaf and mixed litter mass loss showed highly significant positive correlations with N content and negative correlations with the C/N ratio. However, there were no significant correlations between needleleaf mass loss and N content or C/N ratio. ③ The Olson model effectively described the decomposition dynamics (
R
2
>
0.89). The time required for 50% and 95% litter decomposition was shortest for broadleaf litter (5.45 years and 23.55 years), followed by mixed litter (9.32 years and 40.27 years), and slowest for needleleaf litter (11.55 years and 49.93 years).
Conclusion
2
The rapid decomposition of broadleaf litter may be attributed to its high N content and low C/N ratio. The complete decomposition of needleleaf and mixed litter requires over four decades, nearly double the time for complete broadleaf litter decomposition, which requires slightly over two decades. The mixed litter mass loss only exhibited synergistic effects during the first yesr of decomposition. These slow decomposition processes are critical for maintaining the C-N balance in the permafrost-vegetation feedback system and for enhancing the ecological barrier functions of cold region ecosystems.
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