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1.西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
2.中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
3.渭南市水土保持和;移民工作中心, 陕西 渭南 714000
4.中国电建集团昆明勘测设计院有限公司, 云南 昆明 650233
Received:03 January 2025,
Revised:2025-05-16,
Published:10 October 2025
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张一博, 赵浚棋, 唐凯金, 等.雨强和砾石含量对壤土与风沙土堆积体产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):11-24.
Zhang Yibo, Zhao Junqi, Tang Kaijin, et al. Effects of rainfall intensity and gravel content on runoff and sediment production from loam and aeolian sandy soil accumulation bodies [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):11-24.
张一博, 赵浚棋, 唐凯金, 等.雨强和砾石含量对壤土与风沙土堆积体产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(5):11-24. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.001. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.05.001..
Zhang Yibo, Zhao Junqi, Tang Kaijin, et al. Effects of rainfall intensity and gravel content on runoff and sediment production from loam and aeolian sandy soil accumulation bodies [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(5):11-24. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.05.001. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.05.001..
目的
2
研究砾石含量和降雨强度对壤土和风沙土两种土质工程堆积体产流产沙的影响,为生产建设项目高质量水土流失防治提供理论参考和数据支撑。
方法
2
在室内模拟降雨条件下,选择土石混合堆积体作为工程侵蚀下垫面代表,定量分析堆积体在4种砾石含量(0,10%,20%,30%)和3种降雨强度(1.0,1.5和2.0 mm/min)下的产流产沙特征。
结果
2
①两种堆积体径流率呈现“先递增后波动”趋势。风沙土堆积体在低雨强(1.0和1.5 mm/min)下径流率和径流功率低于壤土堆积体,但在高雨强(2.0 mm/min)和高砾石含量(30%)条件下增速更大,达到或超过壤土堆积体水平,在类似条件下可能引发更严重的土壤侵蚀。 ②两种堆积体的侵蚀速率均随雨强增加而上升,随砾石含量增加而降低,风沙土堆积体的侵蚀速率普遍高于壤土堆积体。风沙土堆积体在1.0和1.5 mm/min雨强条件下,10%砾石含量时侵蚀速率降幅最大,分别为11.89%和73.10%;2.0 mm/min雨强条件下30%砾石含量时降幅最大,为26.16%;壤土堆积体在1.5和2.0 mm/min雨强条件下30%砾石含量时侵蚀速率降幅最大,分别为75.23%和56.35%。 ③风沙土堆积体在10%砾石含量下径流功率较纯土降幅达16.09%~26.92%;壤土堆积体在1.5和2.0 mm/min雨强条件下,30%砾石含量时径流功率降幅达18.71%~23.13%;在1.0 mm/min雨强条件下砾石的减弱作用不明显。
结论
2
风沙土堆积体径流率和径流功率在高雨强(2.0 mm/min)高砾石含量(30%)条件下增速更大,快速增至与壤土堆积体相当或更大,可能发生更严重侵蚀。两种土质堆积体侵蚀速率均随雨强增大而增大,随砾石含量增加而减小。
Objective
2
The effects of gravel content and rainfall intensity on runoff and sediment production characteristics of engineering accumulation bodies composed of loam and aeolian sandy soil were investigated, in order to provide theoretical guidance and data support for effective soil erosion prevention in production and construction projects.
Methods
2
Indoor rainfall simulation experiments were conducted using soil-rock mixed accumulation bodies as representative engineering erosion underlay surfaces, while the runoff and sediment production characteristics were quantitatively analyzed under four gravel content levels (0, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and three rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/min).
Results
2
① Both accumulation bodies exhibited a ‘first increasing, then fluctuating’ trend in runoff rate. Among them, aeolian sandy soil accumulation bodies demonstrated lower runoff rates and hydraulic power than those of loam under low rainfall intensities (1.0 and 1.5 mm/min). However, they showed greater growth rates under high rainfall intensity (2.0 mm/min) and high gravel content (30%), the aeolian sandy soil exhibited greater growth rates, reaching or even exceeding loam levels, indicating potential for more severe erosion under similar conditions. ② Erosion rates of both accumulation bodies increased with an increase in rainfall intensity and decreased with an increase in gravel content, with aeolian sandy soil consistently exhibiting higher erosion rates. And for aeolian sandy soil, maximum reductions in erosion rate occurred at 10% gravel content under 1.0 mm/min (11.89%) and 1.5 mm/min (73.10%) rainfall, and at 30% gravel content under 2.0 mm/min (26.16%) rainfall. For loam, maximum reductions occurred at 30% gravel content under 1.5 mm/min (75.23%) and 2.0 mm/min (56.35%) rainfall. ③ Aeolian sandy soil demonstrated 16.09%—26.92% reductions in hydraulic power at 10% gravel content relative to that in the pure soil. Loam exhibited 18.71%—23.13% reductions in hydraulic power at 30% gravel content under 1.5—2.0 mm/min rainfall, whereas gravel showed limited mitigation effects under 1.0 mm/min rainfall.
Conclusion
2
Aeolian sandy soil accumulation bodies demonstrated accelerated runoff rates and hydraulic power growth under high rainfall intensity (2.0 mm/min) and high gravel content (30%), potentially leading to severe erosion which reaching or exceeding loam levels. For both soil types, erosion rates were positively correlated with rainfall intensity and negatively correlated with gravel content.
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