Response of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different soil and water conservation measures on red soil slopes

Liang Yuan; Chen Xiaoan; Wu Bingchen; Xi Tonghang; Xu Xiaohan

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.037

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Response of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different soil and water conservation measures on red soil slopes

Experimental Researches

- Response of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different soil and water conservation measures on red soil slopes
- Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation Vol. 45, Issue 4, Pages: 10-18(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江西省水利科学院流域水土保持江西省重点实验室，江西南昌330029
  2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院，湖北武汉430070
  3.江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术;创新中心，江西南昌 330029
  4.江西善水科技发展有限公司德安分公司，江西九江 330400
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.037
  CLC： S157.1
- CSTR：32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.037.
- Received：17 March 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-05-21，
  
  Published：20 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
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梁媛, 陈晓安, 伍冰晨，等.不同水保措施下红壤坡地泥沙及氮磷流失对雨型的响应[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):10-18.

Liang Yuan, Chen Xiaoan, Wu Bingchen, et al. Response of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different soil and water conservation measures on red soil slopes [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):10-18.
梁媛, 陈晓安, 伍冰晨，等.不同水保措施下红壤坡地泥沙及氮磷流失对雨型的响应[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):10-18. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.037. CSTR： 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.037..

Liang Yuan, Chen Xiaoan, Wu Bingchen, et al. Response of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different soil and water conservation measures on red soil slopes [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):10-18. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.037. CSTR： 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.037..

摘要

目的

探究不同保持措施下地表径流泥沙及氮磷流失对雨型的响应机制，优化南方红壤坡地水土保持措施配置，为该区域水土流失治理提供理论依据。

方法

以南方红壤区为研究区域，基于2019—2022年自然降雨数据，采用野外径流小区定位观测试验方法，针对果园清耕对照、植物措施（M

）、横坡间作（M

）、顺坡间作（M

）、梯田工程措施（M

）、梯田工程+植物措施（M

）等不同水土保持措施配置，系统分析径流泥沙及氮磷流失对雨型的响应特征。

结果

研究区雨型构成以短历时、大雨强的前峰型（发生频率41.18%）和中历时、中雨强的中峰型（47.06%）为主，长历时、小雨强的后峰型占比最小。植物措施（M

）与梯田工程+植物措施（M

）均能显著减少径流泥沙及氮磷流失。前峰型下，M

径流深、泥沙流失量分别削减61.2%，91.3%，M

削减58%，94%；中峰型下，二者径流深削减70.6%和54.2%，泥沙量削减80.8%和82.6%；后峰型中，M

仍削减径流深60.5%和泥沙量74.7%。氮磷流失控制方面，M

和M

显著降低了所有雨型下的总磷浓度，其中，前峰型分别削减32.5%和36.1%，M

对总氮削减达16.3%~21.3%。顺坡间作（M

）因垄向与坡向一致，前峰型下泥沙量（0.424 kg）和总磷浓度（0.127 mg/L）较CK增加42.3%和53.0%，加剧了侵蚀风险。

结论

南方红壤坡地不同水土保持措施中，植物措施和梯田工程+植物措施通过植被截留与工程截蓄作用，可高效阻控多雨型下的水土流失，在南方红壤坡地水土流失治理应予以重视。

Abstract

Objective

The response mechanism of runoff surface sediment and nitrogen and phosphorus loss to rainfall patterns under different holding measure was studied to optimize the scientific configuration of soil and water conservation measures on southern China’s red soil slopes， and provide a theoretical basis for soil and water erosion management in the region.

Methods

Taking the southern red loam area as the study area， based on natural rainfall data from 2019 to 2022， field runoff plot observations were employed to systematically evaluate differently configured soil and water conservation measures， such as orchard clear-tillage control， planting measures （M

）， cross-slope intercropping （M

）， down-slope intercropping （M

）， terracing plus planting （M

）， and terracing engineering （M

）. Soil and water conservation measures were configured to systematically analyze runoff sediment characteristics and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in response to rainfall patterns.

Results

The composition of rainfall patterns in the study area was dominated by an advanced pattern comprising short-duration， high-intensity rainfall （41.18%） and an intermediate pattern comprising medium-duration， medium-intensity rainfall （47.06%）， while the delayed pattern of long-duration， low-intensity rainfall accounted for the smallest proportion. Both plant measures （M

） and terracing plus plant measures （M

） significantly reduced runoff sediment and losses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Under the advanced pattern， runoff depth and sediment loss were reduced by 61.2% and 91.3% for M

， and by 58% and 94% for M

； under the intermediate pattern， runoff depth was reduced by 70.6% and 54.2%， and the amount of sediment was reduced by 80.8% and 82.6%； under the delayed pattern， runoff depth was still reduced by 60.5% and the amount of sediment was reduced by 74.7% for M

. In terms of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss， M

and M

significantly reduced total phosphorus concentration under all rainfall patterns， with 32.5% and 36.1

% reductions in the advanced pattern， and M

reduced total nitrogen by 16.3%—21.3%. Downslope intercropping （M

） increased the amount of sediment （0.424 kg） and total phosphorus concentration （0.127 mg/L） by 42.3% and 53.0%， respectively， under the advanced pattern when compared to CK， because the erosion risk was exacerbated by the matching ridge and slope orientations.

Conclusion

Among different soil and water conservation measures for southern China’s red soil slopes， plant measures and also terraced field projects combined with plant measures， can effectively prevent and control soil erosion under rainy conditions through engineering and the interception and storage of vegetation. Therefore， these measures should be given due attention in soil erosion control on these slopes.

关键词

Keywords

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