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1.宁夏大学 生态环境学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
2.宁夏大学 地理科学与;规划学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
3.宁夏大学 化学化工学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
Received:08 January 2025,
Revised:2025-05-18,
Published:20 August 2025
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丁启东, 黄华雨, 张俊华, 等.基于可解释机器学习的河套平原盐碱农田土壤水分和有机质含量估算[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):184-197.
Ding Qidong, Huang Huayu, Zhang Junhua, et al. Estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline-alkaline farmland of Hetao Plain based on interpretable machine learning [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):184-197.
丁启东, 黄华雨, 张俊华, 等.基于可解释机器学习的河套平原盐碱农田土壤水分和有机质含量估算[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):184-197. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.033. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.033..
Ding Qidong, Huang Huayu, Zhang Junhua, et al. Estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline-alkaline farmland of Hetao Plain based on interpretable machine learning [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):184-197. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.033. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.033..
目的
2
针对传统方法在盐碱化农田土壤水分(SMC)和有机质含量(SOMC)监测中存在效率低下的问题,探索高光谱数据结合可解释机器学习的估算方法,以期为河套平原盐碱化土壤信息快速获取和土壤质量评价提供理论依据。
方法
2
以地面高光谱反射率及实测SMC和SOMC为数据源,对光谱数据采用分数阶微分(FOD)变换并构建光谱指数,基于偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)算法建模,并引入夏普利加性解释(SHAP)方法解析变量对模型预测结果的相对贡献,提升模型的解释性。
结果
2
①经1.25阶微分变换后构建的光谱指数与SMC和SOMC间相关性最强,其中,广义差异指数(GDI)和最优光谱指数(OSI)与SMC和SOMC间相关系数最大,分别为0.505 4和0.682 5。②RF模型对SMC和SOMC的估算精度远高于PLSR和SVM;SMC和SOMC-RF模型验证集(
R
²)、均方根误差(RMSE)和相对分析误差(RPD)分别为0.734,3.28,2.07及0.870,1.53,2.43。③SHAP分析发现,氮平面域指数(NPDI)和比值指数(RI)分别在SMC和SOMC的建模估算中贡献度最大,且NPDI,OSI和差值指数(DI)对SMC的建模贡献度累计达到68.58%;RI,GDI和NPDI对SOMC的建模贡献度累计达到61.86%。
结论
2
FOD联合光谱指数在高光谱数据的有效利用中具有明显优势,RF模型在土壤属性估算中展现了较高的精度和鲁棒性,SHAP分析有效揭示了不同变量对目标变量的贡献度。NPDI,RI,OSI和DI等光谱指数在盐碱化农田SMC和SOMC的建模估算中贡献显著。
Objective
2
To address the inefficiencies of traditional approaches for monitoring the soil moisture content (SMC) and soil organic matter content (SOMC) in saline-alkaline farmlands, an estimation method that integrates hyperspectral data with interpretable machine learning was investigated. The goal was to establish a theoretical foundation for the rapid acquisition of soil information and quality assessments of the Hetao Plain, China.
Methods
2
Ground-based hyperspectral reflectance data and field-measured SMC and SOMC were used as the primary data sources. Spectral data were processed using a fractional-order differential (FOD) transformation, and various spectral indices were constructed. The models were developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF). To enhance interpretability, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was employed to evaluate the relative contribution of each variable to model predictions.
Results
2
① The spectral indices derived from the 1.25-order differential transformation showed the highest correlation with the SMC and SOMC. In particular, the generalized difference index (GDI) and optimal spectral index (OSI) exhibited the strongest correlations, with coefficients of 0.505 4 and 0.682 5, respectively. ② The RF model significantly outperformed the PLSR and SVM models in estimating both the SMC and SOMC. For the validation datasets, the RF models achieved
R
2
values of 0.734 and 0.870, root mean square errors of 3.28 and 1.53, and recognition-primed decisions of 2.07 and 2.43 for SMC and SOMC, respectively. ③ The SHAP analysis indicated that the normalized plane domain index (NPDI) and ratio index (RI) were the most influential variables for estimating the SMC and SOMC, respectively. The combined contributions of the NPDI, OSI and difference index (DI) to SMC modeling reached 68.58%, whereas RI, GDI and NPDI collectively contributed 61.86% to SOMC modeling.
Conclusion
2
The integration of FOD and spectral indices enhanced the utility of hyperspectral data. The RF model demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness in estimating soil properties, whereas the SHAP analysis effectively elucidated the contribution of individual variables. Spectral indices (such as NPDI, RI, OSI and DI) played significant roles in modeling SMC and SOMC in saline-alkaline farmland.
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