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1.福州大学 紫金地质与矿业学院, 福建 福州 350108
2.福建省地质灾害重点实验室, 福建 福州 350002
3.自然资源部丘陵山地;地质灾害防治重点实验室, 福建 福州 350002
4.福建省地质工程勘察院, 福建 福州 350002
Received:17 March 2025,
Revised:2025-04-25,
Published:20 August 2025
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王浩, 陈海波, 夏传安, 等.建筑弃土场物料成分对强降雨诱发泥石流灾害的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):82-93.
Wang Hao, Chen Haibo, Xia Chuan’an, et al. Effects of material composition in construction waste sites on debris flow disasters induced by heavy rainfall [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):82-93.
王浩, 陈海波, 夏传安, 等.建筑弃土场物料成分对强降雨诱发泥石流灾害的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):82-93. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.023. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.04.023..
Wang Hao, Chen Haibo, Xia Chuan’an, et al. Effects of material composition in construction waste sites on debris flow disasters induced by heavy rainfall [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):82-93. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.023. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb. 2025.04.023..
目的
2
开展极端降雨条件下山区建筑弃土场不同物料成分触发泥石流灾害的预测与评价,揭示山区建筑弃土场灾害链的链式演化机制与时空分布规律,为山区水土流失防控提供科学依据。
方法
2
以典型弃土场为研究对象,设置了杂填土、淤泥及陶瓷废料等典型物料单一堆填或不同比例混合堆填的5种典型工况,分析了不同物料成分下锁口拱坝和堆填体的稳定性,以及溃坝转化为泥石流的运动特征。结合Massflow软件建立滑坡泥石流耦合动力学模型,开展泥石流危险性分区评价和受物料比例影响的关键模型参数的敏感性分析。
结果
2
①在极端降雨和满库条件下工况1—3的拱坝安全系数分别为1.049,1.002,1.034,堆填体安全系数分别为1.172,0.826,0.959,可触发锁口拱坝溃决,诱发坝后堆填物质失稳,沿下游沟道发生泥石流灾害链。 ②工况1—3导致的泥石流最高流速分别为21.04,25.36,18.73 m/s,主沟道最大泥深分别为19.2,8.2,12.7 m,最远堆积距离分别为356.0,674.8,545.4 m,高危险强度区面积分别为36 068.1,77 254.9,82 887.0 m
2
。 ③结合工况1—5模拟结果及弃土场泥石流运动特征敏感性因子排序(内摩擦角
>
超孔隙水系数
>
容重),表明内摩擦角及超孔隙水系数受物料成分影响,是泥石流运动特征的主控参数。
结论
2
在满库和极端降雨条件下,山区建筑弃土场容易发生坝体垮塌—堆填体失稳—沟谷泥石流灾害链,严重威胁下游居民区与工业设施安全;采用合理物料混填比例可改善堆填体整体强度,减少高危险强度区面积,显著减小灾害影响范围。
Objective
2
This study aimed to predict and evaluate debris flow disasters accompanied by material composition in construction waste sites to diverse mixed ratios of different spoils under heavy rainfall conditions and reveal the chain evolution mechanism and spatiotemporal distribution of the disaster chain in construction waste sites in mountainous areas under extreme rainfall conditions. These results provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion in mountainous regions.
Methods
2
Five cases (denoted as cases 1—5) comprising five different spoil compositions of miscellaneous fill, silt, and ceramic waste were designed to analyze and simulate debris flows accompanied by typical construction waste sites. Cases 1—5 involved single-material stacking or mixed stacking with different spoil composition proportions. The stability of the dam and slopes formed by the spoil, together with the characteristics of the debris flow after a dam break in the spoil ground, were systematically analyzed. A coupling dynamic model for landslides and debris flows was established using Massflow software. A hazard zonation evaluation of debris flows was performed based on the simulation results provided by the model. The sensitivity of the debris flow characteristics to the key model parameters impacted by the mixing ratios was investigated.
Results
2
①The safety factors for the dam were 1.049, 1.002, and 1.034 when extreme rainfall occurred and building spoil ground was fully filled. The values for the filled materials were 1.172, 0.826, and 0.959, respectively. This indicates that extreme rainfall events triggers dam breaks, inducing instability in the filled material behind the dam, leading to debris flow along the downstream channel. ② The numerical simulation results showed that the maximum velocities of the debris flow in cases 1—3 were 21.04, 25.36, and 18.73 m/s,respectively. The maximum mud depths of the debris flows were 19.2, 8.2 and 12.7 m respectively. The farthest accumulation distances of the debris flows in cases 1—3 were 356.0, 674.8, and 545.4 m respectively. The areas of the high-hazard zones of debris flows in cases 1—3 were 36 068.1, 77 254.9, and 82 887.0 m
2
respectively. ③ A joint analysis of the simulation results of cases 1—5 and ranking of factors (i.e., internal friction angle
>
excess pore water pressure coefficient
>
unit weight) revealed that the internal friction angle
and excess pore water pressure coefficient, which were affected by the mixing ratio, were the main controlling parameters for the debris flow characteristics.
Conclusion
2
Under the conditions of a full reservoir and extreme rainfall, construction waste sites in mountainous areas are associated with a high probability of causing a disaster chain of dam breaks, construction waste site destabilization, and debris flows, posing a serious threat to the safety of downstream residential areas and industrial facilities. The use of a reasonable proportion of materials in a mixed landfill scheme can effectively enhance the overall stability of construction waste sites and significantly reduce the area of high-hazard debris flow zones. A scientifically mixed landfill scheme can effectively control the influence of debris flow.
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