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1.西北农林科技大学, 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
2.汉滨区农业农村局,陕西 安康 725000
3.西北农林科技大学, 水土保持科学与工程学院, 水土保持与荒漠化;整治全国实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
4.中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Received:14 February 2025,
Revised:2025-03-19,
Published:20 August 2025
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石浩, 李洪义, 张献华, 等.改良剂对秦巴山区新造耕地土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):50-61.
Shi Hao, Li Hongyi, Zhang Xianhua, et al. Effects of amendments on soil quality in newly created cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):50-61.
石浩, 李洪义, 张献华, 等.改良剂对秦巴山区新造耕地土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):50-61. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.009. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.009..
Shi Hao, Li Hongyi, Zhang Xianhua, et al. Effects of amendments on soil quality in newly created cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):50-61. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.009. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.009..
目的
2
研究不同改良剂对秦巴山区新造耕地土壤质量的提升效果,旨在为新造耕地土壤质量快速提升和恢复生产提供理论依据和技术支持。
方法
2
通过2 a田间试验,设置对照(CK)、硫酸亚铁(T
1
)、生物炭(T
2
)、微生物菌剂(T
3
)和复合处理(T
4
)5个处理,从玉米产量、土壤物理结构、化学性质、土壤酶活性4个方面探究不同改良剂对新造耕地土壤质量和玉米产量提升的效果。
结果
2
相比于CK,T
2
,T
3
,T
4
处理的玉米产量分别增加了17.31%,30.57%和25.89%。5个处理的土壤质量指数顺序为:T
4
>
T
2
>
T
3
>
T
1
>
CK。T
2
和T
4
处理的土壤pH值、容重、有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量均接近秦巴山区优等耕地水平,同时,T
1
处理的土壤容重和T
3
处理的土壤pH值以及容重也接近优等耕地水平。土壤有机质含量是影响土壤物理性质、养分含量和土壤酶活性的关键因素,而土壤微生物活性低可能是限制新造耕地产量提升的主要因素。
结论
2
基于新造耕地土壤质量提升角度,生物炭和复合处理可作为该地区新造耕地的重要改良措施;而若考虑成本和产量提升,可选择微生物菌剂作为该地区新造耕地的主要改良措施。
Objective
2
The effects of different soil amendments on improving soil quality in newly cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area were investigated to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for the rapid enhancement of soil quality and restoration of agricultural productivity.
Methods
2
A two-year field experiment was conducted using five treatments: control (CK), ferrous sulfate (T
1
), biochar (T
2
), microbial inoculant (T
3
) and composite amendment (T
4
). The effects of these treatments on soil quality and maize yield were evaluated in terms of four dimensions: maize yield, soil physical structure, chemical properties and soil enzyme activity.
Results
2
Compared with CK, maize yields increased by 17.31%, 30.57% and 25.89% in the T
2
, T
3
, and T
4
treatments, respectively. The ranking of the soil quality indices for each treatment was as follows: T
4
>
T
2
>
T
3
>
T
1
>
CK. The soil pH value, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen levels of the T
2
and T
4
treatments were very close to the corresponding soil indices of high-quality cultivated land in Qinba Mountain area. T
1
treatment improved soil bulk density and T
3
treatment enhanced soil pH value and bulk density to near-optimal levels. Soil organic matter was the key factor influencing soil physical properties, nutrient content, and enzyme activity, whereas low microbial activity was identified as the primary constraint on yield improvement in the newly created farmland.
Conclusion
2
For comprehensive enhancement of soil quality, biochar (T
2
) and composite amendment (T
4
) are recommended as key technologies for improving newly created farmlands. However, when considering cost-effectiveness and yield improvement, the microbial inoculant (T
3
) is a practical and efficient measure for newly created farmlands in the region.
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