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甘肃农业大学 林学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
Received:25 December 2024,
Revised:2025-03-18,
Published:20 August 2025
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王润龙, 周晓雷, 郭思淼, 等.放牧强度对干旱区白墩子盐沼湿地土壤与植被的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):71-81.
Wang Runlong, Zhou Xiaolei, Guo Simiao, et al. Effects of grazing intensity on soil and vegetation at Baidunzi salt marsh wetland in arid area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):71-81.
王润龙, 周晓雷, 郭思淼, 等.放牧强度对干旱区白墩子盐沼湿地土壤与植被的影响[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(4):71-81. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.004. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.004..
Wang Runlong, Zhou Xiaolei, Guo Simiao, et al. Effects of grazing intensity on soil and vegetation at Baidunzi salt marsh wetland in arid area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,45(4):71-81. DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2025.04.004. CSTR: 32312.14.stbctb.2025.04.004..
目的
2
探讨放牧强度对西北干旱区盐沼湿地土壤质量和植被多样性的影响,为干旱荒漠区湿地合理放牧与生态恢复提供参考。
方法
2
以甘肃省景泰县白墩子盐沼湿地为研究区域,设置围栏封育区、轻度放牧区和重度放牧区,采用样方法调查植被多样性并测定植物生物量,分层采集土壤样品测定团聚体组成、紧实度、养分含量及物理性质,结合主成分分析(PCA)构建土壤质量指数(SQI)以评估放牧强度对土壤质量的影响,并通过结构方程模型(SEM)解析关键影响因素。
结果
2
①围栏封育提高了植被生物量。
β
多样性指数表明不同放牧强度之间,物种组成存在显著差异。 ②不同放牧处理的土壤水稳性大团聚体(粒径
>
0.25 mm)占比、表层土壤水稳性团聚体的平均质量直径和几何平均直径表现为:禁牧区
>
轻牧区
>
重牧区。 ③禁牧区的土壤供肥潜力、土壤供肥强度和土壤综合质量显著高于重牧区,同时与轻牧区无显著差别。 ④通过结构方程模型得出土壤干筛几何平均直径、土壤养分(特别是氮和钾)以及毛管持水量是影响土壤质量的主要因素。
结论
2
围栏禁牧显著改善植被生长与土壤质量,适度放牧(轻牧)通过促进团聚体稳定性和养分输入对生态系统产生正向反馈,而重度放牧导致土壤结构退化及养分流失。建议采用“围栏+适度放牧”管理模式,优先保护表层土壤物理结构及速效养分,以实现干旱区盐沼湿地的可持续恢复。
Objective
2
Effects of grazing intensity on soil quality and plant diversity in saline marsh wetlands in arid northwest China were investigated to provide a reference for rational grazing and ecological restoration of arid desert wetlands.
Methods
2
Taking Baidunzi saline marsh wetland in Jingtai County, Gansu Province, China, as the study area, fenced exclusion, light grazing, and heavy grazing zones were established. Plant diversity and biomass were surveyed using the quadrat method, and soil samples were collected from different soil layers to determine aggregate composition, compaction, nutrient content, and physical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to construct a soil quality index (SQI) to assess the impact of grazing intensity on soil quality, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the key influencing factors.
Results
2
① Fenced exclusion increased plant biomass.
β
-diversity indices showed significant differences in species composition among different grazing intensities. The proportions of soil water-stable aggregates with particle size
>
0.25 mm, average mass diameter and geometric mean diameter of surface soil water-stable aggregates in the different grazing treatments were in the following order: no grazing
>
light grazing
>
heavy grazing. Soil fertility potential, soil fertility intensity and comprehensive soil quality in the no grazing zone were significant
ly higher than those in the heavy grazing zone, and there was no significant difference with those in the light grazing zone. SEM results revealed that soil dry sieve geometric mean diameter, soil nutrients (especially nitrogen and potassium), and capillary water-holding capacity were the main factors affecting soil quality.
Conclusion
2
Fenced exclusion improved vegetation growth and soil quality significantly. Moderate grazing (light grazing) positively feedbacks to the ecosystem by promoting aggregate stability and nutrient input, whereas heavy grazing leads to soil structure degradation and nutrient loss. A ‘fencing+moderate grazing’ management mode is recommended for prioritizing protection of surface soil physical structure and available nutrients to achieve sustainable restoration of saline marsh wetlands in arid regions.
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