Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps

Pang Jinghao; Liang Shen; Liu Yabin; Li Guorong; Zhu Haili; Hu Xiasong; Shi Xingping; Shang Qing; Miao Xiaoxing; Wang Yanxiu

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014

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Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps

- Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 43, Issue 4, Pages: 110-120(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 青海大学地质工程系,青海,西宁,810016
  2. 青藏高原北缘新生代资源环境重点实验室,青海,西宁,810016
  3. 青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司,青海,果洛,814000
  4. 青海省水土保持中心,青海,西宁,810001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014
  CLC： X171.4
- Published：2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Pang Jinghao, Liang Shen, Liu Yabin, et al. Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 110-120.
DOI：

Pang Jinghao, Liang Shen, Liu Yabin, et al. Influence of Recovery Years on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties for Alpine Metal Mine Dumps[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2023, 43(4): 110-120. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2023.04.014.

摘要

[目的] 研究恢复年限对高寒金属矿山排土场植物多样性和土壤化学特性的影响，为深入探讨高寒矿山排土场植物演替趋势，优化高寒矿山排土场植物恢复工艺方法提供科学指导。[方法] 以青海省果洛藏族自治州德尔尼铜矿恢复期为1～12 a范围内的10个矿山排土场边坡为研究对象，通过样方法调查排土场植物物种组成和多样性特性，并进一步调查土壤化学特性，明确了排土场Patrick丰富度指数等4个α植物多样性指数以及全氮等8个土壤化学特性指标与恢复年限的关系。[结果] 随着恢复年限的增大，天然植物不断侵入，排土场植物的科、属、种数呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，各年限排土场物种组成和群落特征存在一定的差异性。排土场Patrick丰富度指数随着恢复年限的增大呈幂函数增长趋势；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数随着恢复年限增大呈先增大后减小趋势，且均符合二次函数关系。随着排土场恢复年限的增大，土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量均呈先增大后减小趋势；速效钾和有机质含量呈幂函数增长趋势；pH值呈逐渐降低趋势。排土场植物4个多样性指数与土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量呈不同程度的正相关关系，而与速效磷和pH值呈负相关关系。[结论] 恢复期为12 a时，试验区排土场植物仍处于演替发展阶段，未达到稳定状态；排土场植物演替和土壤养分之间存在明显的相互作用；建议矿区排土场植物恢复选用高氮高磷低钾型缓释复合肥。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of restoration years on plant diversity and soil chemical characteristics of alpine metal mine dumps were studied in order to provide scientific guidances for further exploring the plant succession trends and optimizing the plant restoration process of alpine mine dumps. [Methods] The study was conducted at the Delny copper mine

Guoluo Xizang Autonomous Prefecture

Qinghai Province. Plant species composition and diversity and soil chemical properties of ten alpine metal mine dump slopes varying in recovery years (1—12 years) were measured by quadrat survey and soil chemical analysis. Relationships between four α plant diversity indexes (Patrick richness index

etc.)

eight soil chemical property indexes (total nitrogen

etc.) and number of recovery years were determined. [Results] The number of families

genera

and species of plants at the dump sites increased with increasing number of recovery years due to the continuous invasion of natural plants. There were differences in plant species composition and community characteristics of the dumps in different years. The Patrick richness index increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index

Simpson diversity index

and Pielou evenness index initially increased with increasing recovery year

and then decreased

and all indexes changed with time following quadratic relationships. The contents of total nitrogen

total phosphorus

total potassium

alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen

and rapidly available phosphorus initially increased with increasing number of recovery years

and then decreased. The contents of rapidly available potassium and organic matter increased as a power function as number of recovery years increased. pH value decreased as number of recovery years increased. The four α plant diversity indexes were positively correlated with the contents of soil total nitrogen

total phosphorus

total potassium

alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen

rapidly available potassium

and organic matter

but negatively correlated with the contents of rapidly available phosphorus and with the pH values. [Conclusion] When the recovery period was 12 years

the plants in the dump area were still in the successional development stage and had not yet reached a stable state. There was an obvious interaction between plant succession and soil nutrients. It is suggested that high nitrogen

high phosphorus and low potassium slow release compound fertilizer should be used for plant restoration in mine dumps.

关键词

Keywords

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