Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

Liu Ran; Yu Xinxiao; Cai Qiangguo; Sun Liying; Fang Haiyan; Jia Guodong; He Jijun

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005

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Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

- Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 42, Issue 2, Pages: 31-37(2022)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业和草原局重点试验室,北京,100083
  2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点试验室,北京,100101
  3. 中国科学院大学资源环境学院,北京,100049
  4. 首都师范大学城市环境过程和数字模拟国家重点试验室培育基地北京资源环境与GIS重点试验室,北京,100048
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005
  CLC： S157.1
- Published：2022
- 稿件说明：
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Liu Ran, Yu Xinxiao, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 31-37.
DOI：

Liu Ran, Yu Xinxiao, Cai Qiangguo, et al. Soil Erosion and Deposition Processes of Loess Slopes in Loess Hilly and Gully Region[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2022, 42(2): 31-37. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2022.02.005.

摘要

[目的] 分析各影响因素作用下黄土坡面的侵蚀—沉积过程，为陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持措施的合理布设以及水土流失防治规划提供科学依据。[方法] 采用室内人工模拟降雨试验方法对不同坡度、坡长和60 mm/h降雨强度条件下的黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积过程特征开展研究。[结果] ①净侵蚀过程主要发生时间为在达到侵蚀速率峰值前后，在降雨开始35 min左右内，侵蚀速率在整个降雨过程出现正负值交替变化，侵蚀过程与沉积过程并存。②坡度为5°，10°，15°时，单位面积侵蚀量随坡长的增加而减少，5—10 m坡段中存在明显的沉积过程和临界侵蚀坡长。试验条件下黄土坡面发生沉积的临界坡长在4—5 m以及5—10 m范围内。③在5°，15°坡度下，整个降雨过程中0—5 m坡段的累计单位面积侵蚀量均大于0—10 m坡段坡面，侵蚀过程中一直伴有沉积现象；10°坡面分别在降雨后15 min左右开始伴有沉积现象出现。[结论] 坡度和坡长是影响黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积过程的重要因素，坡面径流含沙量和单位面积侵蚀量可以作为表征黄土坡面侵蚀—沉积特征的重要因子。在治理坡面水土流失时应采用拦截中上坡位径流的水土保持措施。

Abstract

[Objective] The erosion-deposition process of loess slopes under the effects of various influencing factors was studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational layout of soil and water conservation measures

and for planning to control and prevent soil and water loss in the loess hilly and gully region of Northern Shaanxi Province. [Methods] The characteristics of erosion-deposition processes on a loess slope under different slope gradients

slope lengths

and 60 mm/h rainfall intensity were studied using an indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiment. [Results] ①The net erosion process mainly occurred before and after reaching the peak value of erosion rate. The erosion rates alternated between positive and negative values during the entire rainfall period

and the erosion process coexisted with the deposition process. ② When the slope was 5°

10°

and 15°

the erosion per unit area decreased with increasing slope length. There was an obvious deposition process and critical erosion slope length in the 5—10 m slope section. Under the test conditions

the critical slope length of loess slope deposition was in the range of 4—5 m and 5—10 m. ③ Under the gradient of 5° and 15°

during the entire rainfall process

the cumulative erosion per unit area of the 0—5 m slope section was greater than erosion of the 0—10 m slope section

and there was always deposition in the erosion process. On the 10° slope

deposition began to occur about 15 minutes after rainfall. [Conclusion] Slope gradient and slope length are important factors affecting erosion-deposition processes of a loess slope. The sediment concentration of slope runoff and erosion per unit area can be used as important factors to characterize the erosion-deposition characteristics of a loess slope. To control soil and water loss on a slope

soil and water conservation measures that intercept runoff at the middle and upper slope positions should be adopted.

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