Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau

Tu Xiaoyun; Wang Keqin; Zhao Yangyi; Wang Jiawei; Duan Xu; Zhu Mengxue

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006

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Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau

- Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 41, Issue 3, Pages: 40-49(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南,昆明,650224
  2. 国家林业和草原局云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南,昆明,650224
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006
  CLC： S715.2
- Published：2021
- 稿件说明：
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Tu Xiaoyun, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 40-49.
DOI：

Tu Xiaoyun, Wang Keqin, Zhao Yangyi, et al. Effects of Pinus Armandii Plantation Canopy of Different Age on Energy Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Central Yunnan Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(3): 40-49. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.03.006.

摘要

[目的] 探究滇中磨盘山不同林龄华山松人工林对天然降雨动力学特征的影响，为区域水土资源保护、森林结构调整等提供一定的理论参考。[方法] 基于2019年5至10月在云南省玉溪市新平县磨盘山观测的74场降雨资料，采用滤纸色斑法对华山松人工林（中龄林15 a，成熟林40 a，过熟林60 a）的林内外的降雨雨滴同时进行观测。选取其中具有代表性的11场降雨，针对不同降雨条件分析了3种林龄林分对雨滴能量特征的影响。[结果] ①华山松林林冠层对雨滴有汇集与分散作用，中龄林对雨滴分散作用更强，成熟林次之，过熟林则表现为较强的汇集作用。②林内外雨滴终点速度与雨滴直径均具极显著的正相关关系（p<0.01），林内雨滴终点速度排序为：中龄林 > 成熟林 > 过熟林。③雨滴直径及降雨强度的增加均可增强林内外的降雨能量，且雨滴能量与二者均呈现极显著的正相关关系（p<0.01）。不同降雨条件下，降雨动能与雨滴径阶均可拟合为幂函数，林内雨滴能量排序为：中龄林 < 成熟林 < 过熟林。其中，中龄林对雨滴能量的削弱作用更为明显。④中龄林对雨滴的缓冲势能效果最好（66.67%），占降雨总势能的52%，成熟林次之（31.58%），过熟林最弱仅为20.64%。[结论] 随树木年龄的增长林冠减缓雨滴能量的效果减弱。因此，对于成熟林以上的华山松人工林林分，应及时进行林分采伐与更新，且注重保护林下枯落物，以减轻由林下雨滴造成的水土流失。

Abstract

[Objective] The effects of Pinus armandii plantation canopy of different age on the dynamic characteristics of natural rainfall at Mount Mopan

Central Yunnan Province were explored in order to provide certain theoretical references for regional water and soil resource protection and forest structure adjustment. [Methods] 74 natural rainfall observations were obtained for Mount Mopan in Xinping County

Yuxi City

Yunnan Province from May to October 2019. These data included simultaneously observed rainfall and raindrops inside and outside of a middle-aged forest (15-year-old)

a mature forest (40-year-old)

and an over-mature forest (60-year-old) of a P. armandii plantation using the filter paper splash procedure. 11 representative rainfall events from among the data were selected

and the three forest stands for different rainfall conditions that impact the energy characteristics of raindrops were analyzed. [Results] ① The P. armandii forest had the effect of collecting and dispersing raindrops

and the middle-aged forest had the strongest effect on raindrop dispersion

followed by mature forest. The over-mature forest had the strongest collecting effect. ② The terminal speed of raindrops inside and outside the forest had a very significant positive correlation with the diameter of raindrops (p<0.01). The terminal speed of raindrops in the forest followed the order of middle-aged forest > mature forest > over-mature forest. ③ Increased raindrop diameter and rainfall intensity enhanced rainfall energy inside and outside the forest

and raindrop energy had a very significant positive correlation with both (p<0.01). Under different rainfall conditions

the rainfall kinetic energy and raindrop diameter can be fitted to a power function relationship. Raindrop energy in the forest followed the order of middle-aged forest < mature forest < over-mature forest. The weakening effect of middle-aged forest on raindrop energy was more obvious. ④ The buffering potential energy of middle-aged forest on raindrops was the best at 66.67%

accounting for 52% of the total rainfall potential

followed by mature forests at 31.58%

and over-mature forests at only 20.64%. [Conclusion] The influence of a forest canopy in reducing raindrop energy weakens as trees age. Therefore

for P. armandii plantations older than mature forests

timely harvesting and regeneration of forests should be carried out

and more attention should be given to the protection of understory litter to reduce soil erosion caused by raindrops under the forest canopy.

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