Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches

Li Huibin; Chen Huayong; Robin Neupane; Ruan Hechun; Li Xiao

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004

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Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches

- Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 41, Issue 2, Pages: 25-34(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室/中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川,成都,610041
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100000
  3. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京,100101
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004
  CLC： P642.23
- Published：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Li Huibin, Chen Huayong, Robin Neupane, et al. Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 25-34.
DOI：

Li Huibin, Chen Huayong, Robin Neupane, et al. Experimental Study on Mechanism of Moraine Dam Failure Due to Surge Wave of Glacier Avalanches[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2021, 41(2): 25-34. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2021.02.004.

摘要

[目的] 对冰滑坡涌浪导致的冰碛坝溃决过程与溃决机理进行试验研究，为冰川区重大工程建设和冰湖冰碛坝溃决灾害防治提供科技支撑。[方法] 开展不同滑块体积、滑动角度、滑动距离、坝体物质组成和坝体几何形态的水槽模型试验。基于试验现象、试验数据与理论推导，对涌浪过程、坝体物质起动和坝体溃决临界条件进行分析。[结果] ①冰滑坡涌浪随时间和距离不断衰减，其随时间衰减显著。②将涌浪作用下的溃决过程分为坡面侵蚀、陡坎侵蚀、侧向侵蚀和衰退4个阶段，其中侧向侵蚀阶段的溃决流量最大，流速最快，侵蚀能力最强。③从颗粒起动机理的角度给出了颗粒起动流速，与沙莫夫公式进行对比分析，对比结果较为吻合。④基于能量守恒原理得到了冰湖溃决事件发生的临界条件，通过西藏自治区林芝市波密县米堆沟光谢错冰湖溃决事件进行验证，验证结果良好。[结论] 冰湖库容越大、坝前水深越深、涌浪高度越高，坝体越易发生溃决；冰碛坝堆积物中细颗粒含量越高，坝体颗粒间黏附力越强，坝体越稳定；冰碛坝坝宽及下游坡脚越大，坝体越稳定，溃决所需时间越长。

Abstract

[Objective] The process and outburst mechanism of moraine dam failure caused by glacier avalanches were studied

in order to provide scientific support for major engineering construction in glacial areas and disaster prevention of glacier lake outburst.[Methods] The model test in flume was carried out with the different volumes of blocks

sliding angle

sliding distance

composition materials and geometric morphology of the dam body. Based on the experimental phenomena

experimental data and theoretical derivation

the process of the surge

the starting mechanism of dam body materials

and the critical condition of outbursts was analyzed.[Results] ① The surge of glacier avalanches decreased with time and distance

and the attenuation was significant with time. ② The outburst process under the surge could be divided into four stages:slope surface erosion

scarp erosion

lateral erosion

and decline. The lateral erosion stage had the largest outburst discharge

the fastest velocity

and the strongest erosion capacity. ③ The starting velocity of particles was given from the perspective of the particle starting mechanism

and the results were in good agreement with that of the Shamov formula. ④ It was verified by the outburst event of Guangxiecuo ice-lake breach in Midui gully

in Bomi County

Linzhi City

Tibet Autonomous Region

and the result is reasonable.[Conclusion] The larger the ice lake storage capacity

the deeper the water depth in front of the dam

the higher the water level rise caused by a glacial landslide

and the more likely the dam body is to outburst. The higher the content of the fine particles in the accumulation of the moraine dam

the stronger the adhesion between the particles

and the more stable the dam body is. The wider the moraine dam and the lower slope foot are

the more stable the dam body is

and the longer the outburst time is.

关键词

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references

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