Investigation Report on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountain Area of Thailand

Zhang Jiaqiong; Ma Bo; Shui Junfeng; Li Yuru; Zhao Chunjing; Wang Haolin; Cao Xiaoping; Li Rui; Jiao Juying

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.01.001

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Investigation Report on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountain Area of Thailand

- Investigation Report on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountain Area of Thailand
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 39, Issue 1, Pages: 1-8(2019)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西,西安,710127
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.01.001
  CLC：
- Published：2019
- 稿件说明：
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Zhang Jiaqiong, Ma Bo, Shui Junfeng, et al. Investigation Report on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountain Area of Thailand[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(1): 1-8.
DOI：

Zhang Jiaqiong, Ma Bo, Shui Junfeng, et al. Investigation Report on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountain Area of Thailand[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2019, 39(1): 1-8. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.01.001.

摘要

[目的]在泰国北部山区开展实地调查，研究该区土壤侵蚀特征，旨在为泛第三极暖湿区的土壤侵蚀预报和水土流失治理提供依据。[方法]以位于北部山区的清莱府为泰国土壤侵蚀典型区域的代表区域，选取18个调查单元（小流域/矩形区），于2018年11月22-29日调查了该区土壤侵蚀的类型与特征、土地利用类型及其空间分布、植被类型及盖度、耕地状况和作物类型、水土保持措施等。[结果]土壤侵蚀主要发生在道路、田地边坡、坡耕地（尤其是新耕种的坡地）和建设用地边坡，部分林下也可见侵蚀沟发育。未经硬化的土路大多存在不同程度的侵蚀，部分道路形成严重的侵蚀沟。坡耕地的侵蚀在新耕种的田块及其边坡处尤为严重，田块内部主要表现为细沟和浅沟侵蚀，以新近种植的菠萝地最为严重。林下土壤侵蚀主要出现在林下裸露的橡胶纯林内，甚至有浅沟和切沟出现。18个调查单元的平均土壤侵蚀模数介于480.9~3 565.3 t/（km·a）之间，总体平均为1 767.9 t/（km·a）。该区域土壤侵蚀模数及其空间变异的主控因素是地形因子。[结论]泰国北部山区虽有大面积的森林覆盖，但采用的水土保持措施相对简单，对开垦坡地的不合理利用引起了严重的人为加速侵蚀，加之该区地形复杂，导致土壤侵蚀严重威胁生态安全和粮食安全。同时，该区的土壤侵蚀基础观测资料缺乏，迫切需要加强土壤侵蚀的基础研究和基础数据的采集，提升对该区域土壤侵蚀过程与机理的认识，注重水土保持措施的综合运用，同时加强土壤培肥、污染防治和土壤保育等措施，保障泰国农业的可持续健康发展。

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