Relationship Between Surface Freezing/Thawing Index and Runoff in Upper Reaches of Heihe River

GUO Yang; ZHANG Tingjun; CAO Lin; GAO Tanguang

doi:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20180524.001

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Relationship Between Surface Freezing/Thawing Index and Runoff in Upper Reaches of Heihe River

- Relationship Between Surface Freezing/Thawing Index and Runoff in Upper Reaches of Heihe River
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 38, Issue 3, Pages: 222-227(2018)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃,兰州,730000
  2. 兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃,兰州,730000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20180524.001
  CLC：
- Published：2018
- 稿件说明：
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GUO Yang, ZHANG Tingjun, CAO Lin, et al. Relationship Between Surface Freezing/Thawing Index and Runoff in Upper Reaches of Heihe River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(3): 222-227.
DOI：

GUO Yang, ZHANG Tingjun, CAO Lin, et al. Relationship Between Surface Freezing/Thawing Index and Runoff in Upper Reaches of Heihe River[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2018, 38(3): 222-227. DOI： 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.20180524.001.

摘要

[目的]探讨黑河上游地表冻融指数与径流的关系，为该流域的径流预测及水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]利用1979-2006年黑河上游西支水文站和气象站的月平均径流、降水和气温资料，对该流域冻融指数变化、融化和冻结阶段径流变化进行分析，并对地表冻融指数与径流的关系做了进一步探讨。[结果]冻结指数和融化指数分别具有明显减少和增加的趋势，且在1990-2005年表现更为突出。径流在融化阶段变化趋势不明显，在冻结阶段呈现减少趋势，其中冬季径流减少趋势较为明显。季节冻融过程对冬季径流减少具有较为重要的影响，主要表现为冻结指数显著减小，表明土壤季节冻结过程中气温升高，这很可能使得冬季地表积雪更多地进行升华，从而削减了对径流的补给，导致了径流量的减少；融化指数显著增大，导致土壤季节融化深度增加了13~14 cm，从而增加了土壤的调蓄空间，使得部分地表水储存于活动层，导致地表冬季径流量减少。[结论]季节冻融变化是影响黑河上游径流的一个不可忽视的特殊因子。

Abstract

[Objective] The relationship between surface freezing/thawing index and runoff over the upper reaches of Heihe River in Western China was discussed in order to provide scientific basis for the runoff prediction and the rational development and utilization of water resources in this basin.[Methods] The impacts of precipitation

air temperature and surface freezing/thawing index on runoff during the period from 1979 to 2006 were investigated over the upper reaches of Heihe River basin in Western China. Changes in freezing/thawing index and river runoff in freezing/thawing period and the relationships between surface freezing/thawing index and runoff were further explored.[Results] There was a significant decrease trend in freezing while a significant increase trend in thawing index

and the most significant change occurred in 1990-2005. The variation of runoff was not obvious in thawing period

while it decreased dramatically in freezing period

especially in winter. The reduction of winter runoff was influenced by the variation in soil seasonal freezing and thawing. The freezing index was reduced significantly

indicating that air temperature increased in seasonal soil freezing process

and more snow sublimated in winter

so that the supply of runoff was reduced. The thawing index increased significantly

leading to a 13~14 cm increase in the depth of seasonal thawing soil

which resulted in an increase of the soil storage space to store part of the groundwater and a decrease in winter runoff.[Conclusion] Changes in the soil seasonal freezing and thawing play significant roles in the runoff of the upper reaches of Heihe River in Western China.

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