The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland on the Loess Plateau is a challenging ecological project.Much attention should be intensively focused on rational plan and extensive argumentation on the program and the problems on slow orderly progresses，low survival rate of tree seedlings in the afforestation and less scientific and technological support in the program because the program of conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was launched on large scale and carried out quickly on the Loess Plateau，and there were few experiences on fulfilling this program.Based on the current situation and investigation results on the processes of this program，the presented suggestions on this program are as follows:manifesting the significant roles of conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland in ecological improvement，intensifying the practicality of the policy on carrying out eco-environment improvement and comprehensive harnessing in the farmland-converted area，strengthening the integrated measure execution in terms of preventing the recession of farmland conversion，supporting to confine grazing in order to promote restoration of natural vegetation according to specific policy issued by government，and paying attention to the food supply risk and the corresponding countermeasures.