A Distributed Model of Soil Erosion Based on Dynamic Runoff Mechanisms

LIU Rui-juan; ZHANG Wan-chang

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A Distributed Model of Soil Erosion Based on Dynamic Runoff Mechanisms

- A Distributed Model of Soil Erosion Based on Dynamic Runoff Mechanisms
- Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation Vol. 29, Issue 6, Pages: 139-144(2010)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京,100029
  2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京,100039
  3. 中国石油大学(华东)地球资源与信息学院,山东,青岛,266555
  4. 南京大学水科学研究中心,江苏,南京,210093
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Published：2010
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Rui-juan, ZHANG Wan-chang. A Distributed Model of Soil Erosion Based on Dynamic Runoff Mechanisms[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2010, 29(6): 139-144.
DOI：

LIU Rui-juan, ZHANG Wan-chang. A Distributed Model of Soil Erosion Based on Dynamic Runoff Mechanisms[J]. Bulletin of Soiland Water Conservation, 2010, 29(6): 139-144. DOI：

摘要

区域尺度的土壤侵蚀模型研究的流域面积较大

研究区往往涉及到多种气候类型。现有的区域尺度的土壤侵蚀模型多采用单一的产流类型

并不能真实准确地反映区域尺度的产流过程。因此

以DEM栅格单元为基本模拟单元

以日为时间模拟单元

构建了基于动态产流机制的区域尺度分布式土壤侵蚀模型。该模型采用动态产流方案

即根据降雨特征和下垫面特征之间的动态对比关系动态选取产流方式

并详细描述了降水、渗透、植被截留、填洼、降雪融水、蒸散发等过程

从而更加准确地描述了区域尺度的产流过程。采用RUSLE模型计算泥沙剥蚀量

并采用月均植被覆盖度计算C因子

使得长时间序列模拟中

C因子是动态变化的

从而使得模型能够更加真实地反映土壤侵蚀的状况。最后

以临沂流域为研究区

对模型进行了验证和应用。模拟结果表明

该模型在临沂流域适用。研究结果说明临沂流域的泥沙主要来源于上游和中游

海拔高度是土壤侵蚀的重要影响因子

临沂流域的土壤侵蚀主要分布在200～500m的海拔高度带上。

Abstract

The area for soil erosion modeling at watershed scale is large

usually dealing with more than one types of climate.Single type of runoff mechanism can not describe runoff generation exactly.A long term soil erosion model at watershed scale is built by taking a grid of DEM as simulating unit and a day as time interval.Dynamic runoff mechanisms are used in the model

which consider runoff as a dynamic process depending on weather and subsurface conditions.The sub-processes of precipitation

infiltration

surface storage

flow velocity

snow melt

and evaporation are incorporated in the regional soil erosion model.RUSLE model is used to calculate soil detachment.Monthly vegetation coverage is used to calculate C factor

so that the C factor is dynamic in the long term simulation and may describe the hydrologic process more exactly.The model is then applied to Linyi watershed for simulation and validation.Results show that the model is applicable in the watershed.Elevation is found to be the main factor to soil erosion.Sediment from the watershed mostly comes from the upstream and midstream and is distributed in the zone of 200～500 m elevation.Therefore

the zone is the main region for the prevention of soil erosion.

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